語学

An employee benefit plan as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, 29 U.S.C. 1001et seq. (“ERISA”) that is subject to the provisions of ERISA, or any such plan that is not subject to ERISA that is maintained primarily for the benefit of the employees of a state or local government or instrumentality, or an endowment fund; 上記英文で，特に， as amended, 29 U.S.C. 1001et seq. (“ERISA”) 前後の文脈が判然としません。 英訳を宜しくお願いします。

「プロ顔負け」という語は偏見的ではありませんか？ 日本語には玄人とプロが混在します。 プロは従事者という意味合い、 玄人は（生業か問わず）求道者という意味合いがそれぞれ強いですね。 ここで気になるのが「プロ顔負け」「玄人はだし」という言葉です。 このような慣用句になると途端に、前者はともかく、なぜ後者の玄人においても「従事者」という意味合いが前面に出張ってくるのということです。 勿論これらには、「プロ、玄人でない者は（普通は）彼らより下手だ」という前提が潜んでいます。 そしてさらにこれは、前提により、従事者でない者は下手だという風に言い換えられることになります。なぜなら、もし求道者（その道に長じた者）というニュアンスだったとすると、この慣用句は 「上手でない人は下手」という意味であることになり、ばただちにナンセンスな文になってしまうからです。 しかし従事者は非従事者（素人、アマチュア）よりも「概して上手」とどうして言えるのか。上手であることは果たして一般的なことなのか？ たとえばどんなに不味い料理しか作れなくても誰でも個人飲食店のオーナーになれるわけで、この場合も(むしろこの場合こそ、職業人という本義で使われた)"プロ"なわけです。 こうしたことわざはプロであるかどうかを一つの実力の指標にしますが、 実は全く指標たりえない、なのに"プロ"顔負けなどという実態に反する言葉が使われるわけですが、それはプロでない人への実力に対する偏見であり失礼となるだけだと私は思うのです。 医者や弁護士など、資格によってある程度の実力が保証された人しか従事できない職種であればこの限りでなく、むしろそれ以外の職業をも「プロ」と呼んでしまっていることが紛らわしくさせてしまっているようにも思えます。

関係詞のthatと接続詞のthatは両方接続詞ではないですか？ 関係代名詞＝接続詞と代名詞の働きを兼ねたものを関係代名詞 http://www.eibunpou.net/12/front.html と書いてあります よく関係代名詞のthatと接続詞のthatの見分け方とかいう記事を見るんですが、 そもそもどちらも接続詞ですよね？ どちらが接続詞なのかを見極めるっておかしいですよね？

関係代名詞は接続詞ですか？ 関係代名詞を１つ使えば主語と動詞のある文を２つ置いて平気ですか？ また関係代名詞は副詞ですか？ 接続詞は副詞ですか？ よろしくおねがいします

The neighbors treat him as being a trouble maker. (近所の人達は彼を厄介者扱いにしている) ここにあるbeingはどうしても必要なものですか？ as a trouble maker では意味が変わってくるのでしょうか？ よろしくお願いします。

以下の文を翻訳してください！お願いします！ Every year major movie festivals around the world present awards for Best Director. Some of these began decades ago, and their lists of winners for Best Director awards are quite long. However, among all the names of winners, it is hard to find the names of many female directors. The Cannes Film Festival was the first major movie festival to name a female director as Best Director of the Year. In 1961, a Russian director named Yuliya Solntseva　won at Cannes for her movie Chronicle of Flaming Years. Since then, no female director won Best Director at Cannes. Other women directed movies that won the palm d’Or(Best Picture) at Cannes, but those female directors did not the Best Director award. The Best Director award at the Berlin International Film festival is called the Silver Bear award. Only one woman has succeeded in winning the Silver bear. That woman was Astrid Henning-Jensen from Denmark. Over her career, Mrs.henning- Jensen directed over 20 movies. In 1979, she won the Silver Bear for her movie Winterborn. One of the most difficult festivals for a female director to win Best Director at seems to be the Academy Awards (often called the Oscars) in the USA. In fact, since the Academy Awards began in 1929, only four women have ever been nominated for the Best Director award. The first woman to actually win this award was Kathryn Bigelow (seen on the right in the picture on page 13) for directing The Hurt Locker. She received the award in 2010. Over the years, women have directed lots of popular movies. For example, Nora Ephron directed the hit romantic-comedy Sleepless in Seattle, and Catherine Hardwicke directed the popular 2008 horror movie Twilight. Two very famous animated movies were directed by a woman _Vicky Jonson directed Shrek in 2001 and Shark Tale in 2004.

A church plan that is excluded from the definition of an investment company under section 3(c)(14) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 ( 15 U.S.C. 80a-3); 上記は，合衆国証券取引法の一節ですが，church planの意味がどうにも掴めません。 御存じの方，宜しくお願い致します。

a gold-plated, ball-bearing, pedigreed nincompoop. 辞書を順番に引くと、金メッキの、ボールベアリングの、血統証つきのバカ者となるようですが、これは、どう訳すと意味がとおるようになるでしょうか。よろしくお願いいたします。

フランス語などの外国語を独学を経験した方に質問です。 勉強方法としてどの様にやることがおススメですか？ 例:単語を覚えてから文法を覚える。 他に良い方法はありますか？

A;Why don't we got to the haunted huse next? B;No I don't. A;Why not? B;To be honest,I'm not good wit it becauseI have a terrible memory of scary things like this. Actually I tried it with my friends once before.We went to a hauntted house like this and as we walked deep inside the building,I got horified at the sight of a bloody woman so much that I wetted my pants. 「～見て（怖くて）驚く」という表現で、horifiedを使用していますがfrightened等たの表し方もあると思うのですが、幽霊など怖いもので驚くと表す場合どの形容詞が良いでしょうか？ また、文中で「見て、ものすごく驚いて～」としているのですがここではget horifiedよりbe~/ or feel horifiedとした方が良いでしょうか？いまいちget/be/ feel 過去分詞の形容詞の使い分けがあやふやなので教えて頂ければ幸いです。 そして,have a bad /terible memoryはネイティブには「覚えるのが苦手」という意味で使われる方が多いとの事で「嫌な思い出」っと徒らるのには文脈から判断すると英文サイトで見たのですが、本文では後者を示していますでしょうか？ 最後にas we walked~「建物の奥深くに進むにつれ」としているのですが、単に「奥に進むにつれ/先に進むにつれ」と表す簡易な表現も教えて頂け幸いです。 よろしくお願いします。

首を傾げる という言葉の「首」は「頭」を指しているのでしょうか？ 例えば「彼は細い首を傾げた」などは間違いでしょうか？

On January 11, 1918, the special decree On Armenia was signed by Lenin and Stalin which armed and repatriated over 100,000 Armenians from the former Tsar's Army to be sent to the Caucasus for operations against Ottoman interests. On January 20, 1918, Talaat Pasha entered an official protest against the Bolsheviks arming Armenian army legions and replied, "the Russian leopard had not changed its spots." Bolsheviks and Armenians would take the place of Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich's Russian Caucasus Army. On March 3, 1918, the Armistice of Erzincan was followed by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk marking Russia's exit from World War I. Between March 14 - April 1918 the Trabzon peace conference was held between the Ottoman Empire and the delegation of the Transcaucasian Diet (Transcaucasian Sejm). Enver Pasha offered to surrender all Turkish ambitions in the Caucasus in return for recognition of the Ottoman reacquisition of the east Anatolian provinces at Brest-Litovsk at the end of the negotiations. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk provided some relief to Bolsheviks who were tied up in fighting the civil war. However, the oil fields of Baku were not under control of the Russians and Germany had a high demand for oil. During March 30 to April 2 in 1918, thousands of Azeris and other Muslims in the city of Baku and adjacent areas of the Baku Governorate of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic were massacred by Dashnaks with strong support from Bolshevik Soviets. The Azeris refer to this as a genocide (Azerbaijani: soyqırım). This event is known as the March Days or March Events. On April 5, the head of the Transcaucasian delegation Akaki Chkhenkeli accepted the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as a basis for further negotiations and wired the governing bodies urging them to accept this position. The mood prevailing in Tiflis was very different. The Armenians pressured the Republic to refuse. They acknowledged the existence of a state of war between themselves and the Ottoman Empire. Hostilities resumed and Ottoman troops under Vehip Pasha overran new lands to the east, reaching pre-war the frontiers. On May 11, a new peace conference opened at Batum. At this conference the Ottomans extended their demands to include Tiflis as well as Alexandropol and Echmiadzin; they also wanted a railroad to be built to connect Kars and Julfa with Baku. The Armenian and Georgian members of the Republic’s delegation began to stall. Beginning on May 21, the Ottoman army moved ahead once again.

The Action of Arsuf (8 June 1918), was fought between the forces of the British Empire and the Ottoman Empire, German Empire and Austria-Hungary during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. The British Empire forces involved was the 21st (Bareilly) Brigade comprising the 2nd Battalion, Black Watch, the 1st Guides Infantry, the 29th Punjabis and the 1/8th Gurkha Rifles. On 8 June 1918 the 21st (Bareilly) Brigade, part of the 7th (Meerut) Division, was tasked with the capture of two hills, 1 mile (1.6 km) from the Mediterranean Sea known as the two sisters, defended by elements of the Ottoman 7th Division. The hills were being used as observation posts and the intention was to deprive the Turkish forces of their use. The successful assault was carried out by the Black Watch and the Guides Infantry. The Turkish forces responded with two counter-attacks of their own. The first succeeded in recapturing a section of their previous position before being driven back. The second counter-attack was defeated before they managed to reach the British position. The Turkish forces suffered "considerable" losses, and four officers and 101 other ranks were taken prisoner. Equipment captured included two heavy and five light machine guns. The capture of the two Turkish positions greatly improved the British position. Their loss deprived the Turkish forces an observation post that overlooked a large portion of the British lines and rear areas. They also now gave the British their own observation post that could see the Turkish rear areas. There capture was significant enough to be mentioned in army despatches. Arsuf　アルスフ The German Caucasus expedition was a military expedition sent in late May, 1918, by the German Empire to the formerly Russian Transcaucasia during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I. Its prime aim was to stabilize the pro-German Democratic Republic of Georgia and to secure oil supplies for Germany by preventing the Ottoman Empire from gaining access to the oil reserves near Baku on the Abşeron peninsula.On December 5, 1917, the Armistice of Erzincan was signed by Russians and Ottomans, ending the armed conflicts between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus Campaign of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. The Committee of Union and Progress moved to win the friendship of the Bolsheviks with the signing of the Ottoman-Russian friendship treaty (January 1, 1918).

White crosses and Stars of David mark 2,289 graves, 250 for unknown service members, and the names of 1,060 missing men adorn the wall of a memorial chapel. Visitors also stop at the nearby German cemetery where 8,625 men are buried; 4,321 of them—3,847 unknown—rest in a common grave. The German cemetery was established in March 1922, consolidating a number of temporary sites, and includes men killed between the Aisne and the Marne in 1918, along with 70 men who died in 1914 in the First Battle of the Marne. German Cemetery in Beaulieu-Ecuvilly. On 18 November 1955, a black marble monolith with a bronze relief of a fighting Marine was dedicated at a road clearing near the site of the battle. Simply entitled The Marine Memorial, it was sculpted by Felix de Weldon, the artist who had also sculpted the Marine Corps War Memorial in Washington, D.C. The memorial honors the 4th Marine Brigade for their bravery here in June 1918, and is the only memorial in Europe dedicated solely to the United States Marines. Below the statue is a commemorative plaque with a large Eagle, Globe, and Anchor. The plaque includes a brief history of the battle, with text in both English and French. Officiating at the monument's dedication ceremony was then Commandant of the Marine Corps, General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., who had fought and was twice wounded at Belleau Wood, and later awarded the Army Distinguished Service Cross and the Navy Cross for his gallantry in action, 37 years earlier. In New York City, a 0.197 acres (800 m2) triangle at the intersection of 108 Street and 51st Avenue in Queens is dedicated to Marine Private William F. Moore, 47th Company, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment. Two U.S. Navy vessels have been named for the battle. The first USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24) was a light aircraft carrier active during World War II in the Pacific Theater, from 1943 to 1945. From 1953 to 1960, she was loaned to the French Navy under the name Bois Belleau and served in the First Indochina and Algerian Wars. The second USS Belleau Wood (LHA-3) was active from 1977 to 2005. A shortened version of Lloyd Williams' famous quote is the basis for the motto the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, his unit during the battle. Williams himself has been honored with a building on the campus of his alma mater Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University named in remembrance of him. In April 2018, French President Emmanuel Macron gifted the United States a sessile oak sapling from Belleau Wood as part of his state visit.

There is no clear information on the number of German soldiers killed, although 1,600 were taken prisoner. After the battle, the French renamed the wood "Bois de la Brigade de Marine" ("Wood of the Marine Brigade") in honor of the Marines' tenacity. The French government also later awarded the 4th Brigade the Croix de guerre. An official German report classified the Marines as "vigorous, self-confident, and remarkable marksmen ..." General Pershing—commander of the AEF—even said, "The deadliest weapon in the world is a United States Marine and his rifle." Pershing also said "the Battle of Belleau Wood was for the U.S. the biggest battle since Appomattox [Court House] and the most considerable engagement American troops had ever had with a foreign enemy." Legend and lore has it that the Germans used the term "Teufelshunde" ("devil dogs") for the Marines. However, this has not been confirmed, as the term was not commonly known in contemporary German. The closest common German term would be "Höllenhunde" which means "hellhound". Regardless of the term's origin, ten years after the battle, Lieutenant Colonel Ernst Otto, from the Historical Section of the German Army, wrote of the Marine Corps; "Their fiery advance and great tenacity were well recognized by their opponents." Marines actively serving in the Fifth and Sixth Marine regiments are authorized to wear the French Fourragère on the left shoulder of their uniform to recognize the legacy and valor of their regimental predecessors. In June 1923, the Marine Band performed a new march called "Belleau Wood" for the first time during the annual Belleau Wood Anniversary celebration. Composed by then Second Leader Taylor Branson, who would later lead the Marine Band from 1927 to 1940, it was dedicated to Army Major General James. G. Harbord, who commanded the Marines during the battle. In July 1923, Belleau Wood was dedicated as an American battle monument. Major General Harbord was made an honorary Marine and attended the event. In his address, he summed up the future of the site: U.S. Marines and French soldiers at the 92nd anniversary memorial service of the battle “ Now and then, a veteran, for the brief span that we still survive, will come here to live again the brave days of that distant June. Here will be raised the altars of patriotism; here will be renewed the vows of sacrifice and consecration to country. Hither will come our countrymen in hours of depression, and even of failure, and take new courage from this shrine of great deeds.

最近の英語の授業で発音を学んでいます。最近学んでいるのは、aとu,ar,ir,orの違いを学んでいます。例えばfanとfunの発音とか違いです。 そこで本題ですが、私の学校では先生があらかじめ録音した宿題をやってくるといった感じです。そこで今回はaとu,ar,ir,or発音の違いを聞き分ける宿題で、例えば1問目fanと発音されたらaと書く、といった感じで10問解きます。 そこで疑問に思った問題がありまして、『カット』と聞こえたのが3問ほどありました。1つはcutと分かるのですが、他2つは何でしょうか？ catはカットとは発音しないですよね…。さすがに宿題の音声を載せるのはできないので、考えられる範囲で回答よろしくお願いいたします。

中国政府が対日工作のBGY作戦を実施するそうですがBGY作戦ってどんな工作活動ですか？ BGY工作のBGYって何の略ですか？

なんで在日韓国人は日韓を引っ付けようと努力するのですか？ 在日韓国朝鮮人が日韓の橋渡しに全力を尽くすのは何故なのでしょうか？

作文を書こうと思っています。そこで何かみんなと差がつけられる言葉を探しています。同じ意味でも、印象に残る言葉あれば是非教えてください。

They shool hands ( ). (1) each (2) each other (3) other each (4) with each other という問題で、解答が(4)なのですが「with」がつく意味が分かりません。 簡単でいいので教えてください