語学

(was / there / much / not / left / milk) in the refrigerator. In that country, (than / soccer / they / any / like / better) other sport. 解答と訳をお願いします。

The Battle of Karakilisa (Armenian: Ղարաքիլիսայի ճակատամարտ Gharakilisayi chakatamart, Turkish: Karakilise Muharebesi or Karakilise Muharebeleri) was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Karakilisa (now Vanadzor), on May 25-28, 1918.The outnumbered Armenian defenders managed to turn back the invading Ottoman forces, which broke the armistice, signed on December 1917, with Transcaucasian commissariat entering Western Armenia, conquering Erznka, Erzerum, Sarighamish, Kars and Alexandropol and reaching Karakilisa. The victory here as well as at Sardarabad and Abaran were instrumental in allowing the First Republic of Armenia to come into existence. In several months, the cities of Erznka, Erzerum, Sarikamish, Kars and Alexandropol were conquered. On May 20, they conquered the Akhbulag, Djrajur and Kaltakhchi villages. On May 21, they conquered Vorontsovka. Pressed by the Turkish regular army, Armenian forces were retreating. Part of Ottoman-Turkish forces moved to Yerevan, another one to Karakilisa. The latter forces included about 10 thousand soldiers, 70 pieces of artillery and 40 machine-guns. The Armenian population was leaving their homes moving to the south to Yerevan and Syunik. Garegin Nzhdeh (with his troops) reached Karakilisa and managed to unite the population for the fight. The Armenian forces reached the number of 6 thousand, with 70 pieces of artillery and 20 machine-guns. After a violent battle of 4 days, on May 25-28, both sides had serious losses. Although the Ottoman army managed to invade Karakilisa and massacre all its population of 4,000 souls, it had no more forces to intrude farther into Armenian territories. Wehib Pasha speaking to his headquarters, “ We do not have the strength to defeat the Armenians. The three day battle in Karakilise shows that as long as their existence is in danger they will prefer to die fighting. We must not bring on a battle with the force that 1,200,000 Armenians can raise. If the Georgians join in the hostilities, it will be impossible to advance... In short, we must come to terms with the Armenians and Georgians. Karakilisa カラキリサ

Ivan Bagramyan, a Marshal of the Soviet Union and himself a participant of the battle, described its importance in the following manner: The significance of the battle of Sardarapat is great... If they [the Armenian forces] did not defeat the Ottomans there, they would have proceeded to Echmiadzin and Yerevan—nothing would have remained of Armenia, nothing would have been saved... The Armenians won and, thanks to them, our people preserved their physical existence within the current borders of Armenia. After the commemoration of the Armenian Genocide's fiftieth anniversary in 1965, Soviet authorities agreed to the construction of a monument and park dedicated to the Armenian victory near the site of the battle. Architect Rafayel Israyelian was commissioned to design the monument, which was completed in 1968. The battles of Sardarabad, Bash Abaran and Karakilisa are collectively known as the "Heroic battles of May" in Armenian historiography (Մայիսյան հերոսամարտեր Mayisyan herosamarter). Each year, the President of the Republic of Armenia, visits the memorial on 28 May. During that day, many cultural and military events and parades take place. The Battle of Bash Abaran (Armenian: Բաշ Աբարանի ճակատամարտ Bash Abarani chakatamart, Turkish: Baş-Abaran Muharebesi) was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Bash Abaran, in 1918. The Armenian victories at Bash Abaran, Sardarabad and Karakilisa, halted the Ottoman invasion of Eastern Armenia and were instrumental in allowing the formation of the short-lived First Republic of Armenia. The Ottoman forces attacked on 21 May, driving towards Yerevan. They were opposed by Armenian forces under the command of Drastamat Kanayan. One prong of the three-pronged Ottoman attack, consisting of the 3rd Regiment of the 11th Caucasian Division, moved down from Hamamlu. They met an Armenian force of about 1000 riflemen under the command of Movses Silikyan at the defile of Bash Abaran, about a three-hour march from Yerevan. After three days of fierce fighting the Armenians launched a counter-attack against the Ottomans on 25 May. The Ottoman forces then retreated north back to Hamamlu on 29 May. Abaran アバラン

An Ottoman force based in Talin was sent to alleviate it by attacking the Armenian rear, but was unable to change the outcome of the battle. Suffering heavy losses, Ottoman commanders ordered a general retreat as the surviving elements of the Ottoman army were put to flight. With the Ottoman forces in a full rout, General Silikyan wished to press on his advantage with the hope of dislodging the Ottomans from Alexandropol and Kars. But, almost immediately, he was informed of the ongoing negotiations between the Ottoman leadership and the Armenian National Council in Tiflis and was told by Corps Commander Tovmas Nazarbekian to cease military operations in the region. Though members of the National Council were widely criticized for issuing this order at the time, this decision was carried out because the ammunition stores had been all but been depleted and Ottoman commanders had received fresh reinforcements. The Ottoman defeats at Sardarabad, Bash Abaran, and Karakilisa staved off the annihilation of the Armenian nation, and the victories here were instrumental in allowing the Armenian National Council to declare the independence of the First Republic of Armenia on May 30 (retroactive to May 28). Though the terms that Armenia agreed to in the Treaty of Batum (June 4, 1918) were excessively harsh, the little republic was able to hold out until the Ottomans were forced to withdraw from the region with the end of World War I in late 1918.The battle of Sardarabad holds a special place in Armenian historical memory and is often compared to the 451 A.D. battle of Avarayr. Leaders of the First Republic frequently invoked the name of the battle, exhorting their people to aspire to the example of those who had fought and participated in it. The battle was seldom mentioned or given little significance in Soviet historiography until after the death of Joseph Stalin. In the mid-1960s, a number of Soviet historians began to highlight its importance, as well as that of Bash Abaran and Karakilisa. The Soviet military historian Evgenii F. Ludshuvet, for example, emphasized that these battles, fought by the "Armenian Dashnak forces", helped slow down the Turkish advance on Baku and helped relieve some pressure against that city. Notable Soviet Armenian literary figures such as Hovhannes Shiraz and Paruyr Sevak, whose work "Sardarapat" was turned into a popular song, composed songs and wrote poems that lionized the Armenian fighters.

Civilians, including children, aided in the effort as well, as "Carts drawn by oxen, water buffalo, and cows jammed the roads bringing food, provisions, ammunition, and volunteers from the vicinity" of Yerevan. Acting under Minister of War Enver Pasha's request, Miralay (Colonel) Kâzım Karabekir Bey's I Caucasian Corps and Mirliva Yakub Shevki Pasha's II Caucasian Corps put into action in the direction of Karakilisa (modern-day Vanadzor), Sardarabad, Tiflis (modern-day Tbilisi) and Yerevan on 20 May. While Karakilisa was selected as their main target, Tiflis and Yerevan were to be kept under pressure. The operations of the southern flank were given to the I Caucasian Corps and the task of capturing Karakilisa was given to the II Caucasian Corps. The Ottoman force reached Karakilisa on May 20 without resistance. Only a single combat action took place near the village of Karzakh. The detachment commanded by Zihni Bey, that advanced forward in Sardarabad area, reached the station of Alagöz (modern-day Aragats) and line of Mahtaka. On May 21, the detachment of Zihni Bey defeated an Armenian unit composed of 600 infantry and 250 cavalry, and then took Sardarabad. From there, their forces started advancing toward Yeghegnut. Armenian general Movses Silikyan ordered elements of the 5th Armenian Regiment under Poghos Bek-Pirumyan, a reserve guerrilla unit, and a special cavalry regiment to check the advance of the Ottoman army. An offensive was launched on May 22 and the Armenian forces were successful in halting the Ottomans in their tracks and forcing Yakub Shevki Pasha's forces into a general rout (retreating nearly 15-20 kilometers in a westerly direction). The Ottoman command, however, was able to recuperate from its losses and reorganized its forces near the mountain heights on the north-west bank of the Araks river. Repeated attempts to cross the river were met with fierce resistance by the 5th Armenian Regiment. On May 24, several more skirmishes took place between the Armenian and Ottoman forces. However, attempts to dislodge the Ottomans from their well-entrenched positions the following day by Poghos Bek-Pirumyan's and other commanders' forces were met with failure. On May 27, an Armenian force commanded by Colonel Karapet Hasan-Pashayan performed a flanking maneuver and struck the Ottoman positions from the rear while the rest of the Armenian forces pounded the main Ottoman positions.

　昔、学生だったとき、ゼミで、当時、大流行していたアニメがレポートの課題になりました。私は、これは語るに値しないと思いその旨をまとめて提出したのですが、再提出となり、仕方がないので、今度は、これがいかにつまらないかを延々と書き連ねたところ、最低評価で単位を取得ができました。そのとき担当教授に「君は、語るに値しないといっていたものについて、これほどの論（内容的にはAらしい）を展開したではないか。自己矛盾を感じないかね。」としたり顔で言われて、嘆息もできませんでした 　そこで、質問ですが、「語るに値しないこと」について「何事かを語らなければならない」、言い換えれば、語れば語るほど自己矛盾というか、自己否定に陥る状況の下、どのような論法で相手に「語るに値しない」と伝えることができるでしょうか

和訳はあっているでしょうか？添削をお願いいたします。 The original “relief sought” was written symbolically because it’s impossible for a judge to read the complaint and not feel utterly embarrassed. To the point where the judge would urgently pro-actively insist on changing the current system to prevent further confirmation of their own ignorance. 裁判官が訴状を読んだり、全く恥ずかしいと感じないことは不可能であるため、元の「請求の趣旨」は象徴的に書かれていた。裁判官が自らの無知をさらに確認することを防ぐために現在の司法制度を変更することを緊急に積極的に主張する時点まで恥ずかしくなる。

和訳はあっているでしょうか？添削をお願いいたします。 In 500 words or more, please explain what you have done to improve the world without personal reward (financial or recognition). 500単語以上で、あなたが個人的な報酬（金銭又は認識）なしに世界を改善するために行ったことを説明して下さい。

以下の三人で構成される住居があった場合 Dr.L.Schreiber/Luise Schreiber/Stefan ↑Die Personen sind 「sicher nicht」 miteinander verwandt. と言えるのはなぜでしょうか？ よろしくお願いいたします。

梅堯臣(宋)の西湖間望という漢詩です。 いくら調べてもネット上でも、手元の漢文詩集にも載っていません。 漢詩に詳しい方教えていただけませんか。 夏景已多趣，湖邊日更佳。 園葵雜紅紫，岸柳自欹斜。 雨氣收林表，城陰接水涯。 愛閒輸白鳥，儘日立汀沙。

editorial社説という意味ですが、ialというのは名詞の形容詞的な形ではないんですか？

take a walkはtake an walkではないんですか？ walkは母音の音だから、an ですよね？a walkではなく、an walkでは？

I'm thoroughly looking forward to seeing you again soon.とI'm looking forward to seeing you again soon.　は異なりますか？

Das Fenster haben einen Balkon.が正しくて、Das Stockwerk haben einen Balkon.が間違いなのは、なぜでしょうか。語句の結びつけとして、慣用的なものですか？ よろしくお願いいたします。

たとえば、「より詳しく知っている」「より正しく理解する」などを表現する際、 「detaillierter wissen」「richtiger verstehen」（単語選びはおかしいかもしれません）などと表現できるのでしょうか？また、できるとしても、自然さの点ではどうでしょうか？もっと適切な表現方法がありますか？ よろしくお願いいたします。

ドイツ語で、「簡潔かつわかりやすい説明をありがとう」と言いたいのです。 「簡潔」の言葉で伝えたい意味は、「無駄がなく洗練されている」です。 「わかりやすい」の言葉で伝えたい意味は、「理解がしやすい」です。 この場合、どんな単語が適切でしょうか。 先ほどはkurz und buendigという表現も見つけたのですが、kurzにはマイナスな意味での「簡潔」もあるようなので、用いてよいのかどうか？となっています。 よろしくお願いいたします。

日本語を勉強中の中国人です。「落ちあう」という日本語は日常でよく使われますか。だいたい何歳ぐらいの日本の方が知っている表現でしょうか。普通どういうシチュエーションで使われるのかざっとで結構ですので教えていただけませんか。 また、質問文に不自然な日本語の表現がありましたら、それも教えていただければ幸いです。よろしくお願いいたします。

日本語を勉強中の中国人です。下記の言い方はみな自然でしょうか。ほかの言い方もありましたら、それも教えていただければありがたいです。たくさんの言い回しを身に付けたいと考えております。 1、TOEICは全部で何点でしょうか。 2、TOEICの満点は何点でしょうか。 3、TOEICの最高点数は何点でしょうか。 4、TOEICは合計で何点でしょうか。 5、TOEICの総点数は何点でしょうか。 また、質問文に不自然な日本語の表現がありましたら、それも教えていただければ幸いです。よろしくお願いいたします。

クレジットカードでの支払いのとき 電話で営業所にカードナンバーを伝えて カード会社にカードの有効照会を してもらう必要があります。 それに3分ほどかかります。 そのことをお客さんに 英語では何と言ったらよいでしょうか？ 理由を言う必要はなく 「3分程かかりますが、いいですか？」という意味を できるだけ短く簡単な英訳でお願いします。 You need three minutes. OK? と言ったら全く通じませんでした（笑）

英語「高すぎる！もっと安くして」を英語でどう言いますか？ アメリカ人は値切るってあるのでしょうか？