語学

As she draws down the fund, you will have to decide what to do if she asks for over the amount within the course of a year.　https://www.arcamax.com/healthandspirit/lifeadvice/askamy/s-2023435?fs draws down the fundはどのような意味でしょうか？あと、within the course of a yearはin a yearやwithin a yearというのとどう違うでしょうか？よろしくお願いします

I am able to afford to help her, and am so glad to be able to do this. I tell myself that I choose to support her instead of a far-off charity, although I contribute to organized charities, too.　https://www.arcamax.com/healthandspirit/lifeadvice/askamy/s-2023435?fs far-off charityとはどのような意味でしょうか？よろしくお願いします

I'm only voting for women for now on (when possible) I think that any politician that has to step down for sexually inappropriate behavior should be replaced by a woman. Most of this partisan people hating wouldn't be happening if chicks ran the gov. I'm serious. The modern white male politician is broken and not to be trusted.

My youngest brother spent about six years in prison for kidnapping and sexually assaulting a young woman he met at a bar. While he was in prison, we exchanged a few letters, but I did not go to visit him. He expressed remorse for what happened, and was receiving counseling in prison. He was released from prison earlier this year, and now lives about a 30-minute drive from where I live, so I've met him a few times for coffee or lunch. I've met himはなぜ過去形ではなく現在完了なのでしょうか？よろしくお願いします

But on July 4, Austria-Hungary annulled this secret agreement under the pretext that Ukraine had not delivered to it the amount of grain promised under the treaty. It is believed that this action was the result of Polish pressure. The Central Powers signed a separate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Bolshevist Russia on March 3, 1918. Russia agreed to recognize the concluded treaty with the Ukrainian People's Republic and to immediately sign a peace treaty with Ukraine, to define the borders between Russia and Ukraine without delay, to clear the Ukrainian territory of Russian troops and the Russian Red Guard, as well as put an end to all agitation or propaganda against the government or the public institutions of the Ukrainian People's Republic (article 6). The treaty immediately caused much opposition among Poles, particularly those in Austria-Hungary. Polish politicians in the Austrian parliament immediately began their protests, paralyzing the parliament; civil servants began a strike, and spontaneous demonstrations took place in various cities and towns. Most notably, the Polish Auxiliary Corps refused to follow Austrian orders, and after the battle of Rarańcza broke through the front lines to join Polish forces in the Russian Civil War. Although the Austrian government in Vienna withdrew from parts of the treaty, the damage it had caused to Polish-Austrian relations was significant, and the pro-Austrian and anti-independence faction of Polish-Austrian politicians was permanently weakened. The treaty of Brest-Litovsk provided the Ukrainian People's Republic with German and Austro-Hungarian military aid in clearing Bolshevik forces from Ukraine in February–April 1918, but the treaty also meant that the Entente Powers suspended relations with the Ukrainian People's Republic. Soon, however, the invited foreign forces from the Central Powers were seen as occupants by a major part of the Ukrainian population and also parts of the Tsentralna Rada. In late April the German Supreme Commander in Ukraine, Hermann von Eichhorn, issued an order making Ukrainians subject to German military courts for offenses against German interests, the First Ukrainian Division (the Blue coats) was disarmed, and German soldiers even arrested two ministers after they criticized the German actions.

While the Tsentralna Rada was abandoning Kiev for Bolshevik troops, a peace treaty was signed in Brest-Litovsk during the night of February 8–9 over the Bolsheviks' protests. The German newspaper "Lubeck Ads" on its front page (Extrablatt) printed the announcement about "Peace with the Ukraine". "Today on February 9, 1918 at 2 o'clock in the morning the Peace between the Quadruple Alliance and the Ukrainian People's Republic was signed." Within days of the treaty's signing, an army of over 450,000 men from the Central Powers entered Ukraine, and after only a month most of the Bolshevik troops had left the country without any significant resistance. Soon after the takeover of Kiev by Ukrainian and German troops, the Tsentralna Rada could return to Kiev on March 2. The treaty recognized the following as the Ukrainian People's Republic's boundaries: in the west the 1914 Austro-Hungarian–Russian boundary which excluded the Ukrainian Halychyna in the new Ukrainian state; in the north the line running from Tarnogród, Biłgoraj, Szczebrzeszyn, Krasnystaw, Radzyń Podlaski and Międzyrzec Podlaski in present Lublin Voivodeship (Poland), Sarnaki in present Masovian Voivodeship (Poland), Kamyanyets and Pruzhany in present Brest Voblast (Belarus). The exact boundaries were to be determined by a mixed commission on the basis of ethnic composition and the will of the inhabitants (article 2). The articles in the treaty also provided for the regulated evacuation of the occupied regions (article 3), the establishment of diplomatic relations (article 4), mutual renunciation of war reparations (article 5), the return of prisoners of war (article 6), and the exchange of interned civilians and the renewal of public and private legal relations (article 8). Article 7 provided for the immediate resumption of economic relations and trade and set down the principles of accounting and tariffs. Austria-Hungary and the Ukrainian People's Republic also signed a secret agreement regarding Halychyna and Bukovyna. Austria-Hungary agreed to unify by July 31, 1918 in one crownland those areas of eastern Halychyna and Bukovyna where the Ukrainian population predominated.

On January 1, 1918 a Ukrainian delegation headed by Vsevolod Holubovych arrived at Brest-Litovsk. The initial delegation beside Mykola Liubynsky, Oleksandr Sevriuk, and Mykola Levytsky included Mykhailo Poloz.The peace negotiation was initiated by the government of Soviet Russia on December 3, 1917 represented by the delegation headed by the Ukrainian-born Leon Trotsky. Several resolutions were reached between December 22–26 and on December 28, 1917 an armistice was signed suspending hostilities at front-lines. Prior to that a Soviet government of Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic was formed in Kharkiv on December 17, 1917. The final undersigning was being procrastinated by Bolsheviks in hope of reaching some agreement with the Entente treaty members. On January 12, 1918, Count Ottokar Czernin as a representative of the Central Powers recognized the independent delegation from the Ukrainian People's Republic,[2] but together with Csáky refused to discuss the questions of Halychyna, Bucovina, and Subcarpathian Rus. They agreed that the Kholm Governorate and the region of Podlachia were part of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The Russian Bolshevik delegation, headed by Leon Trotsky, had at first also recognized the independent Ukrainian delegation on January 10. The Ukrainian delegation returned on January 20, 1918 to Kiev, where the Tsentralna Rada proclaimed a fully sovereign Ukrainian state on January 25 (dated January 22). Right after this a new Ukrainian delegation was sent to Brest headed now by Oleksandr Sevriuk. Meanwhile, Bolshevik revolts occurred in different cities in Ukraine, which more or less forced the Ukrainian People's Republic – which was lacking organized military forces – to seek foreign aid. However, the situation for the Central Powers was also critical, especially for Austria-Hungary, which suffered severe food shortages. On February 1, a plenary session of the Congress was attended also by the Soviet government of Ukraine in the presence of Yukhym Medvediev and Vasyl' Shakhrai. Nevertheless, the Central Powers continued to negotiate with the delegation from the Ukrainian People's Republic as the sole representatives of Ukraine.

I'm a survivor of childhood incest, and fairly certain I know who perpetrated the abuse. I've suffered the repercussions throughout my life (nightmares, sexual dysfunction, multiple failed relationships, a much lighter wallet due to years of therapy), but I have no actual memory of the abuse aside from brief flashes with no clear image of the person responsible, despite finding pictures of myself as a child in clearly compromised positions. compromised positionsの訳を教えてください。よろしくお願いします

My social media accounts are all private. I feel that my job as a parent is to protect my children, and that includes their social media footprint. social media footprintとはどのような意味でしょうか？よろしくお願いします

Matilda made a scene when the salesperson wouldn't serve her. : マチルダは店員のサービスが悪いので、大声で文句を言った。 とあったのですが、wouldn'tのところdidn'tとしたくなるのですが、なぜwouldn'tなのでしょうか？なんのwouldでしょうか？よろしくお願いします

（文頭で）What do I tip when eating at a buffet where the server takes the drink orders but does nothing else? とあるのですが、なぜthe drink ordersにtheが付くのでしょうか？よろしくお願いします

とある曲の歌詞ですが、翻訳をお願い致します。 Torment the tortured, teach me things I'm so alive Speak to the speechless, seek the things You have inside You can hunt for the hunter He's got nowhere to hide You can seek with the seeker But hold on for the ride

はじめまして。６０年代の古いＳＦ小説の翻訳についてですが、以下の原文 There was never a girl born who ever grew older than eighteen in her heart…no matter what the merciless hours have done to her. １９６９年の、井上一夫氏の訳では 「容赦ない時間がどんなことをしても、心は十八歳より年を取らない娘なんてこの世に生まれなかった」 とあります。 He can make you feel the quiet, endless tragedy that there was never a girl born who ever grew older than eighteen in her heart…no matter what the merciless hours have done to her. 「容赦ない時間がどんなことをしても、心は十八歳より年を取らない娘なんてこの世に生まれなかったという、静かな無限の悲劇を、観る者に感じさせることができるんだ。」 「容赦ない時間がどんなことをしても」・・・という箇所と、 「（という）無限の悲劇」という流れがどうしても不自然に感じてしまいます。 わたしの感覚ではNo matter what ...　の後には「にもかかわらず」と言った表現が続くように思えるのですが。 みなさんが He can make you feel the quiet, endless tragedy that there was never a girl born who ever grew older than eighteen in her heart…no matter what the merciless hours have done to her. を訳すとすれば、どのように訳されますか？

They may teach us how best to hit a home run. how toのhowとtoに間にベストを入れることができるのかどうか。 Most peoples' lives would be really less interesting than they are now. Most people's livesがただしいかどうか。 できれば違う理由と違うならばどのように書けば良いかを教えていただけるとありがたいです。

within walking distanceにはなぜaがつかないのでしょうか？

1.取り入れる、盛り込む、採用するの語感的な違いとは？ 2.取り入れるの敬語が盛り込むなのか？ 3.言葉を取り入れます。は日本語的に正しいのか？ 4.採用する「案」や「考え」を取り入れる際や、仕事やビジネス用語の場合に使う言葉なのだろうか？ 日本語カテゴリー皆さんの ご回答のほど、 お待ちしております。

１「彼女は体調が悪いらしいよ。」 ２「彼女は体調を崩して入院してるらしいよ。」 ３「昨日Aから電話があって明日から入院するって。」 3-1明日から入院するらしいよ。。/明日から入院するって言ってたよ。」 できれば何通りかで表現して頂ければ幸いです。 また、２に当たる表現で、過去時制内の完了形I heard she felt ill and has been hospitarized.とできるものでしょうか？継続性を表すのに完了形を用いているのですが、単にwas hospitalizedの方が良いのでしょうか？ よろしくお願いいたします。

Members of my family love to extend invitations to birthday parties at a restaurant of their choice, and they expect you to bring a gift and pay for your own meal. It is my understanding that the host handles the food bill in expectation that the guests will bring gifts and have a great time. This is the way I have known it to be done. Now that I live in the South, social etiquette among my family members has become strained and has caused me to decline invitations. ここでのstrainedの訳し方を教えてください。よろしくお願いします

If Julie handles her depression by spending money, you need to be supportive without being indulgent. This is an area that is difficult for her to control. Put her on a budget and limit her access to your joint account.　https://www.arcamax.com/healthandspirit/lifeadvice/anniesmailbox/s-2005747 Put her on a budget とはどのような意味でしょうか？よろしくお願いします

In January, I finally married the woman of my dreams. "Julie" was sweet and kind, with lots of love to give. Things went well for a few weeks, but then everything changed. Julie has always had issues with depression. She'd be overwhelmed from time to time but always came to me for comfort. Suddenly, she didn't want me near her when she was depressed. As hurt as I was, I gave her the space she wanted. As hurt as I wasの意味と用法について教えてください。よろしくお願いします