英語力のある方に質問です。少し長いですが、お時間の
英語力のある方に質問です。少し長いですが、お時間のある方、どうぞよろしくお願いします。
In most societies with writing, until 100 years ago only a minority could read and write; the rest were illiterate and hence were themselves dependent on the oral or visual transmission of knowledge. They were not, ( ), dependent on knowledge originating in the oral or visual registers, and, consequently, their traditions differed in kind from those of a society without writing because they would be indirectly influenced by the written forms; illiterates would absorb Christian or Buddhist book learning through stories, sermons, paintings, and scripture. Equally, they might learn to conduct cognitive operations invented by the written culture ( such as the arithmetic tables learned by heart ). The same is true of technological advances developed through the medium of written operations; illiterates may benefit from living in a literate culture, although the inability to read and write will place them in a disadvantageous position relative to others who can. Even cultures without writing may be influenced by contact with literate outsiders in a similar manner. The radio could stand as one example, because literacy was clearly a prerequisite of its invention but not its operation. Today, however, there is probably no society in the world that does not have some literates who are capable of gaining access to written knowledge produced elsewhere.
質問１ 空欄（ ）に入るものですが、therefore, however, on the contrary, のいずれかがはいるらしいのですが、どのような根拠でどれがはいるかがよくわかりません。
質問２ 内容一致の問題です。(1)か(2)のような気がするのですが、これもよくわかりません。
(1)The knowledge they acquired was necessarily derived from oral or visual registers.
(2)The channel through which they acquired was registered to the oral or visual mode.
(3)They learned to conduct cognitive operations quite differently from literates.
(4)They were placed in a disadvantageous position because there was no way for them to acquire written knowledge.
