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質問

At Lioma, for example, the 1/1st KAR mostly consisted of recent recruits from Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) formed around a cadre of veterans. Furthermore, the extremely poor quality or non-existence of roads in Mozambique greatly hindered the supply of the large numbers of KAR soldiers who chased the small Schutztruppe. As result, both British white officers as well as askaris had to live off the land and often were, just like their German counterparts, near starvation. In one case, when "the officers and men [of one unit] were inspected at the end of their stint in the field they were described as resembling the victims of famine. Their experience of the hardships of war in East Africa was typical, not exceptional." Despite these adverse conditions, the British native soldiers generally proved themselves to be tenacious and very capable fighters, motivated by a variety of reasons, most of them rooted in traditional African concepts of loyalty and their comparable high wages. The white and black officers and NCOs of the King's African Rifles also led by example and like their Schutztruppe counterparts suffered heavy losses, though unlike the Germans the British could relatively quickly replace them. New British white officers often could not speak Swahili (the regional lingua franca), however, hindering communications with their men.
One of the most important British commanders during the operations in Mozambique was Lt-Col George Giffard; leading a brigade (K.A.R. 2nd Col. or "KARTUCOL") specifically to find and destroy Lettow-Vorbeck's remaining troops, he was highly regarded by both his own forces and respected by the Germans. His troops would relieve the Lioma garrison on the battle's second day. The Schutztruppe arrived at area surrounding Lioma on 30 August. The British forces at Lioma had noticed the German approach hours before the latter's arrival, and thus could strengthen their defenses accordingly. Indeed, as the German columns (Abteilungen, short: Abt) advanced on the village, one of the relief units, namely 3/2nd KAR under Lt-Col Charles George Phillips, arrived around 12.00 and deployed neast-east of 1/1st main position at Lioma.
While the newly arrived battalion was deploying, the Schutztruppe's vanguard, formed by Abt Müller, encountered a detached platoon of 1/1 KAR east of Lioma, resulting in a first skirmish, whereupon the leading soldiers of Abt Müller retreated southwards.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞At Lioma, for example, the 1/1st KAR mostly consisted of recent recruits from Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) formed around a cadre of veterans. Furthermore, the extremely poor quality or non-existence of roads in Mozambique greatly hindered the supply of the large numbers of KAR soldiers who chased the small Schutztruppe. As result, both British white officers as well as askaris had to live off the land and often were, just like their German counterparts, near starvation.
⇒リオマでは、例えば、第1/1 KAR（王有アフリカライフル隊）は、主にベテラン幹部の周囲に形成されたニヤサランド（現代マラウイ）から新着した新入兵で構成されていた。さらに、モザンビークでは道路の質が悪いか、あるいは道路がないことで、小型植民地保護隊を追跡する大勢のKAR隊兵士の供給が大幅に阻害された。結果として、英国軍の白人将校と現地人軍の両方が土地を離れて生きなければならず、しばしば彼らに対応する相手のドイツ軍と同じように、ほとんど飢餓状態にあった。

＞In one case, when "the officers and men [of one unit] were inspected at the end of their stint in the field they were described as resembling the victims of famine. Their experience of the hardships of war in East Africa was typical, not exceptional." Despite these adverse conditions, the British native soldiers generally proved themselves to be tenacious and very capable fighters, motivated by a variety of reasons, most of them rooted in traditional African concepts of loyalty and their comparable high wages.
⇒こんな一件もあった。すなわち、「戦闘の終わりに戦場での〔ある部隊の〕将校と兵士が検査されたとき、彼らは飢饉の被害者に似ていると言われた。この東アフリカにおける戦争の苦難の経験は例外的でなく、これが典型的なものであった」。これらの悪条件にもかかわらず、英国生まれの兵士は、主として、伝統的なアフリカの忠誠心とそれに匹敵する高い賃金の概念に根ざしたさまざまな理由によって動機づけられた、強靭で極めて能力の高い戦闘員であることを証明した。

＞The white and black officers and NCOs of the King's African Rifles also led by example and like their Schutztruppe counterparts suffered heavy losses, though unlike the Germans the British could relatively quickly replace them. New British white officers often could not speak Swahili (the regional lingua franca), however, hindering communications with their men.
⇒手本に導かれた王有アフリカライフル隊の白人と黒人の将校およびNCO（無任所将校）も、相方の植民地保護隊同様、大きな損失を被った。ただし、ドイツ軍とは異なって英国軍は比較的早く損失の穴を埋めることができた。しかし、新しい英国軍の白人将校は、しばしばスワヒリ語（地域の言語）を話すことができず、（配属）兵士とのコミュニケーションが阻害された。

＞One of the most important British commanders during the operations in Mozambique was Lt-Col George Giffard; leading a brigade (K.A.R. 2nd Col. or "KARTUCOL") specifically to find and destroy Lettow-Vorbeck's remaining troops, he was highly regarded by both his own forces and respected by the Germans. His troops would relieve the Lioma garrison on the battle's second day.
⇒モザンビークでの作戦行動中に最も重要だった英国軍司令官の1人は、ジョージ・ジファード中佐であった。レトウ=フォルベックの生き残り軍隊を見つけて破壊する旅団（第2KAR大佐、またの名「カルトゥコル」）を先導した。彼は自軍とドイツ軍の両軍に尊敬された。彼の軍隊は戦いの2日目にリオマ守備隊を解放することになるだろう。

＞The Schutztruppe arrived at area surrounding Lioma on 30 August. The British forces at Lioma had noticed the German approach hours before the latter's arrival, and thus could strengthen their defenses accordingly. Indeed, as the German columns (Abteilungen, short: Abt) advanced on the village, one of the relief units, namely 3/2nd KAR under Lt-Col Charles George Phillips, arrived around 12.00 and deployed neast-east of 1/1st main position at Lioma.
⇒植民地保護隊は、8月30日にリオマの周辺地域に到着した。リオマの英国軍は、ドイツ軍が到着する数時間前にその接近に気づき、それに応じて防衛を強化することができた。事実、ドイツ軍の縦隊（Abteilungen〔アプテイルンゲン〕「大隊群」、略称：Abt）が村を進軍し、救援部隊の一つすなわちチャールス・ジョージ・フィリップス中佐麾下の第3/2 KAR隊が12時頃に到着し、リオマの第1/1陣地の西から東に布陣した。

＞While the newly arrived battalion was deploying, the Schutztruppe's vanguard, formed by Abt Müller, encountered a detached platoon of 1/1 KAR east of Lioma, resulting in a first skirmish, whereupon the leading soldiers of Abt Müller retreated southwards.
⇒新しく到着した大隊が配地につく間、植民地保護隊の先遣隊がアプトミュラーによって編成されリオマの第1/1 KAR東小隊に遭遇し、そこで最初の小競合いとなり、アプトミュラー隊の先導兵士は南へ撤退した。

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