世襲政権の発達と大名の旅 -大名の江戸滞在中に世襲政権が発展しました。-

英文と和訳がありますが、和訳は正しいですか？

The development of hereditary ruling councils owed much to the daimyo’s periodic absences in Edo fulfilling the obligations of the alternate residence system. The device of a ‘’traveling cabinet,’’ i.e., the daimyo taking one or more of his elders with him to Edo, enabled him to keep in touch with han affairs. Nevertheless, of necessity much of his governing authority had to be entrusted to those ministers he left behind in the castle-town, and even when the daimyo was physically in his domain, the prospect of having shortly to leave it again doubtless deterred him from interfering in the elders’ decisions. There was never a time in the Tokugawa period when a strong-willed daimyo could not make his influence felt, but all would-be potentates had to take full account of both national policy and established local practice. 和訳世襲的な大老執政の発達は、大名が参勤交代の義務を果たしながら大名が定期的に江戸に行って（領地から）不在になることに負うところが多かった。大名が長老のうち1人もしくはそれ以上を江戸に伴う、すなわち、「移動内閣」という仕組みは、彼が藩の業務に携わることを可能にしたのだ。にもかかわらず、統治権限の多くは必然的に城下町に残った家臣たちに委託せざるを得ず、大名が実際に自分の領土にいる時でさえ、いくらももたないうちに再び出発せざるをえないという予測は、疑いもなく長老の決定に対する干渉を思いとどまらせた。徳川の世では、強い意志をもった大名にとっては幅を利かせられない時ばかりではなかったが、主君気取りの大名たちはすべて、国家的政策と確立している地域（藩）の慣習の両方を十分に考慮に入れなければならなかったのだ。

英語の文章と日本語訳があります。和訳は正しいですか

The alternative residence system effectively shackled the power of the daimyo, especially as they had to leave their wives and eldest sons behind in Edo when they returned to their domains. Only a very persistent and ingenious lord could plot rebellion if he had to spend half his time in the shogunal capital away from his territory in the country. Moreover, the costs of the regular journey to and from Edo, to say nothing of the expense of maintaining a permanent establishment there, taxed the financial resources of even the largest han. 和訳とりわけ、領地との間を行ったり来たりする制度は、大名が在地に戻る時江戸に妻と長男を江戸に残さなくてはならなかったので、大名の権力を効果的に縛り付けた。地方にある領地を離れ、将軍のいる都で自分が藩主でいるうちの半分の期間を過ごさなければならないという条件下では、非常に頑固でかつ巧妙な大名以外反乱を企てられなかった。加えて、江戸屋敷を恒久的に維持する費用はもとより、江戸との間を定期的に往復する旅の費用は大藩の加賀藩でさえも重い財政負担となった。

英語の文章と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

The traditional feudal code of conduct between members of the military elite also justified the imposition of the alternate residence system (sankin kotai). Taking up the old custom of homage, by which a vassal had been expected to go every so often in person to pay his respects to his overlord, the Tokugawa both regularized and bureaucratized it. By the time of the third shogun, Iemitsu, all daimyo virtually without exception and throughout their reigns had to spend alternate years living at Edo, supposedly in attendance on the shogun. Actually, they only met the shogun time the daimyo spent in their Edo mansions, or yashiki, attending to their own domain affairs and private pleasures. Something which before 1600 had been occasional and personal now became periodic, unavoidable, and completely impersonal. 日本語訳重臣大名メンバーの間での伝統的な封建制度規則も、領地との間を行ったり来たりする制度（参勤交代）の義務化を正当化した。家臣がしばしば自分の主君に敬意を表すためにじかに会いにいくという古い伝統への敬意を取り上げながら、徳川はそれを規則化したのみならず権威主義化した。3代将軍家光の頃には、すべての大名が、将軍への目通りを建前として事実上例外なく自分が藩主の間1年おきに江戸に住まねばならなかった。実際には、非常に形式的な謁見として月に1度か2度将軍に会うだけであった。残りの時間、大名は藩の行政や個人的楽しみに携わりながら江戸の自分の住まいもしくは屋敷で過ごした。1600年以前はたまに起こるものであり個人に関してであったものが、今となっては定期的で不可避で完璧に公のものになったのだ。

英語の文章と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

The obedience of the daimyo was exacted under the guise of vassal loyalty. Those among them who had not already done so had to tender written oaths of obedience to Ieyasu after 1600 acknowledging him as their feudal overlord. These pledges were renewed by each successive daimyo of han, and by all the daimyo whenever a new shogun took office. Lords who disregarded Tokugawa wishes could be punished as disobedient vassals; the shogunate would reprimand them, retire them, or-in extreme cases-confiscate their fiefs. 和訳大名の服従は臣下としての忠誠心の名のもとに強要された。いまだそれに応じていない者は、1600年以降家康に、彼が武家の大領主であると認める服従を誓う誓詞を提出しなければならなかった。これらの誓詞は、個々の藩の大名後継者によって更新され、新しい将軍が就任した時はすべての大名によって更新された。徳川の意向に背く藩主は反抗的な家臣として処罰する事が可能だった。幕府はそうした者たちを叱責し、代替わりさせたり、極端な場合、領地を没収したりもした。

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

It would be more accurate, if less colorful, to say that han bureaucracy was lord of all it could survey. For, in domain affairs as much as in their relations with the shogun, the daimyo were ‘’victims’’ of bureaucratization; most of the authority they had wielded at the beginning of the seventeenth century as personal rulers quickly passed to councils of hereditary ‘’clan elders’’ (karo). 和訳藩の官僚が検分できるすべての君主であった、という方がたとえ面白みは減るにせよより的確であろう。それゆえ大名は、藩の事柄（内政）においても、将軍（幕府）との関係においてと同じくらい、領地問題では官僚化の「犠牲者」であった。すなわち、１７世紀の初頭では個人的な支配者として彼ら大名が振っていた権限のその大半が急速に世襲の「藩の長老」（家老）たちの評議会へ移行していったのである。

英文と日本語訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

The traditional feudal code of conduct between members of the military elite also justified the imposition of the alternate residence system (sankin kotai). Taking up the old custom of homage, by which a vassal had been expected to go every so often in person to pay his respects to his overlord, the Tokugawa both regularized and bureaucratized it. By the time of the third shogun, Iemitsu, all daimyo virtually without exception and throughout their reigns had to spend alternate years living at Edo, supposedly in attendance on the shogun. Actually, they only met the shogun once or twice a month at highly formal audiences. The rest of thetime the daimyo spent in their Edo mansions, or yashiki, attending to their own domain affairs and private pleasures. 日本語訳軍事力を持つ精鋭大名の間での伝統的な封建制度規則も交互居住制（参勤交代）の義務化を正当化した。家臣がしばしば自分の主君のところへご機嫌伺いに行くという古い臣下の礼を尽くすという慣習を取り上げながら、徳川はそれを事務制度化したのみならず、権威主義化した。3代将軍家光の頃には、すべての大名が将軍への建前上は事実上例外なく自分が藩主の間隔年江戸に住まねばならなかった。実際には、非常に格式ばった拝謁の際に月に1度か2度将軍に会うだけであった。残りの時間、大名は藩の行政や個人的な娯楽に携わりながら江戸の自分の住まい、すなわち、屋敷で過ごした。

お手数ですが、次の英文を訳して下さい。

The alternative residence system effectively shackled the power of the daimyo, especially as they had to leave their wives and eldest sons behind in Edo when they returned to their domains. Only a very persistent and ingenious lord could plot rebellion if he had to spend half his time in the shogunal capital away from his territory in the country. Moreover, the costs of the regular journey to and from Edo, to say nothing of the expense of maintaining a permanent establishment there, taxed the financial resources of even the largest han. han　藩

英語の一文なのですが、

By the time of the third shogun, Iemitsu, all daimyo virtually without exception and throughout thei r reigns had to spend alternate years living at Edo, supposedly in attendance on the shogun. という英文を 3代将軍家光の頃までには、全ての大名が藩主である間は、実質上例外なく、建前上将軍への参勤の為に隔年江戸に住まねばならなくなった。と訳した場合、正解になりますか？

英語の文章と和訳がありますが訳は正しいですか？

Central control was only one facet of Tokugawa government; local autonomy was also an integral part. Throughout their history as national rulers, the shoguns retained direct control over no more than about a quarter of the territory and people of Japan. This area had as its two focal points the Kanto plain and the Kinai district, and was known as the tenryo, or “heavenly domain.” The remaining three-quarters of the country was parceled out among the daimyo t rule as their own domains (han). In addition to functioning as local entities, han were combined with the bakufu to form a unique, viable, and interdependent nations political order. 和訳中央集権は徳川政権の一面に過ぎない。；地方自治も不可欠の部分であった。国の統治者としてのその歴史を通じて、将軍は日本という領土と人民のわずか約4分の1の直接統治を保持したに過ぎなかった。その範囲は、2つの中心点として、関東平野と畿内地域を持っていて、天領すなわち「天から与えられた領地」として知られた。国の残りの約4分の3は、大名の間で彼ら自身の領地（藩）として分配された。地方自治体としての機能に加えて、藩は幕府と組み合わさって、独特で発展性のある国家政治体制を形成した。

英語の文章と日本語訳があります。訳は正しいですか？

While Hdeyoshi lay dying in the summer of 1598 he arranged for five of the greatest daimyo to govern the country as a council of regents on behalf of his five-year-old son , Hideyori. The regents naturally had to give most of their time to the administration of their own large domains, and Hideyoshi intended them to do no more than keep watch over relations between the military leaders and the imperial court, the loyalty of the daimyo to the house of Toyotomi, religious affairs, and Japan’s foreign relations. In practice, supervision meant keeping a close check on the activities of a group of five commissioners, who were personally less powerful than the regents but had earned Hideyoshi’s trust as competent administrators. Mixed government by regents and commissioners managed to organize the recall of Japanese troops from Korea towards the end of 1598, but began to fall apart soon after that. 日本語訳 1598年夏の死の床で秀吉は最も有力な5人の大名を五大老として秀頼の後見として国を治めるよう取り計らった。五大老は当然、殆どの時間を彼らの広大な領地の管理に費やさなければならなかったので、秀吉は五大老らがただ軍の上部と朝廷の関係、大名の豊臣家への忠誠、宗教問題、日本の外交について注視することだけを意図していた。実際監督とは五奉行の活動に目を光らせることであった。五奉行は個々には五大老ほどの権力もなかったが、有能な代官として秀吉の信頼を得ていた。大老と奉行による連立政府は、1598年の暮れに朝鮮半島からの日本部隊の撤退を何とか計画したが、この政治機構はすぐに崩壊した。

英語のジョークと訳を教えてください！

Homophone When we moved to northen California, my husband began deliberating about buying a sailboat. He struggled over our budget, and nagged me for help in his decision.I told him that it was strictly his choice to make, that I was with him either way, but he had to decide. One morning, as he hurried out the door on his way to work, I waved and said, 'Bye.' He broke into a big grin and called over his shoulder, 'I was hoping you'd say that!' Him& Hymn A woman had been very faithful in attending all her church's services for many years, and the minister wanted to reward her.At the next Sunday-evening service he announced, 'For her loyalty to the church, we shall reward Miss Jones by letting her pick three hymns for the evening.' 'Oh, goody!' exclaimed Miss Jones. And, pointing to various members in the congregation, she said, 'I'll take HIM and HIM and HIM.' 回答宜しくお願いします!!

短い英語の文章なのですが、

Restraints and qualifications notwithstanding, a daimyo was generally speaking lord of all he could survey-and often a good deal more-from the top of his castle’s keep. という一文を制約は条件はあるものの一般的に言って、大名は城の天守閣から検分できるすべての-そして、しばしばずっと多くの-ものの君主であった。と和訳した場合、正解になりますか？

英語の文章と訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

After Sekigahara, Ieyasu immediately attended to the important matter of titles. Fortunately for him, Yoshiaki, the titular Ashikaga shogun, had recently died; and although the authentic genealogy of the Tokugawa house did not stretch back beyond the fifteenth century, Ieyasu had little difficulty claiming appropriate Minamoto lineage to take the title of sei-i-tai-shogun for himself and his descendants. The court meekly issued the formal letter of appointment towards the end of 1603. Ieyasu was shogun for only two years, since in 1605 he arranged for the title to be passed on to his son, Hidetada. He lived on for another eleven years, and in his ostensible retirement was as busy as ever, but he preferred to watch over the affairs of the nation and his house, rather than be concerned with details of routine administration. 和訳関ヶ原の合戦ののち、家康はすぐに関心を向けた称号という重要な問題に。幸いなことに将軍職を持っていた足利義昭がごく最近亡くなったのです。徳川家の正当な系譜は15世紀をさかのぼることは無かったが、家康は彼自身とその子孫が征夷大将軍の地位を得るための正当な源氏の流れであることを宣言するのに何の困難もなかった。朝廷は従順に1603年の暮れ（将軍宣下する旨の）勅令を出した。1605年に息子の秀忠に位を譲ったので、家康が将軍だったのは2年間だけだった。隠居した後、11年間存命だったが、表向きの引退をして以降も相変わらず多忙を極めたが、幕府運営の些事に関わるよりも国家や幕府の行く末を見守ることを好んだ。

日本語訳を!!13

お願いします (1)“When I was 18 years old…I raised an army and used it to bring freedom back to the Roman state. I spent my own money to do it…. Because of this, the Senate passed a special resolution to make me a senator.” These words were written by Julius Caesar's great-nephew: the first person to serve as a Roman general and member of the Senate while he was still a teenager. (2) Julius Caesar, who had no legitimate sons of his own, was especially fond of his sister's grandson, Gaius Octavius. When his sister Julia died, the dictator chose 12-year-old Octavius to deliver his grandmother's funeral oration. Five years later, in 46 BCE, Octavius rode with his great-uncle in his triumphal procession into Rome. The next year, the young man joined Caesar's military campaign in Spain. The dictator believed that someday his great-nephew would do great things for Rome. (3) After his victories in Spain, Caesar planned a war against the rebellious tribes of Illyria, a region across the Adriatic Sea. Putting young Octavius in charge, he sent the army to Illyria with instructions to wait for him there. Then Caesar returned to Rome to begin reforming the government─a big job. Caesar set to work with energy and determination. But his plans were foiled by the daggers of his enemies, when he was assassinated on the Idea of March. (4) Eighteen- year-old Octavius was in Illyria when he got news of his uncle's death. He made up his mind to return to Rome. While he was packing to leave, a second messenger came with the surprising news that, in his will, Caesar had adopted Octavius as his son and made him the heir to an enormous fortune. This news was sure to raise eyebrows─and perhaps some swords─in Rome.

英語の和訳

この英文の和訳教えてください(>_<) ↓ ↓ Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He realized his father was very old,and thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make arrangements,hereceived a telegram telling him his father had passed away,and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things. When he arrived at his father's house,sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father's important papers and saw the still new Bible,just as he had left it years ago. With tears,he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. And as he did, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealer's name,the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag were the date of his graduation and the words PAID IN FULL.

英語訳

英語の宿題で英語を訳してるのですがここだけどうも訳せません。分かる方いたら是非教えて下さい。 Another example of a benefit came when people wanted to compare the prices. Before the euro was introduced,if people wanted to compare the prices of,say,accommodation in those countries,they had to do complicated calclations.

訳の添削とわからない個所について　1

John Galsworthyという作家の『ＴHE CHOICE』という物語の英文を訳しました。添削と、わからない個所を教えてください。 It had declined him for years, but, even before a long illness ousted him in favour of younger men, he had felt very severely the palpable difference in things. それは年来彼を傾けました。しかし長い病気のせいで、彼がより若い男性（後輩）に（仕事を？）追い出される前にすら、彼は物ごとの明白な違いを大変ひどく感じていました。冒頭のＩtが何を指しているのかわかりません。内容からa long illness のような気がするのですが、 It had declined him for years, but, even before a long illness ousted him と Itの後にa long illnessが出てくるので、わからない感じです。前述の英文は But he was a great sufferer from a variety of ailments. He had gout, and some trouble in his side, and feet that were like barometers in their susceptibility to weather. Of all these matters he would speak to us in a very impersonal and uncomplaining way, diagnosing himself, as it were, for the benefit of his listeners. He was, it seems, alone in the world, not having of course at that time anything to look forward to in the way of a pension, nor, one fancies, very much to look back on except the death of his near relatives and the decline of the plumbing trade. となっています。よろしくお願い致します。

英語の和訳についてなのですが、

The two hundred and sixty domains varied greatly in size. The largest was that of the Maeda family in Kaga (Ishikawa Prefecture) and Etchu (Toyama Prefecture) provinces, with an official productive capacity of over five million bushels of rice (1,000,000 koku). At the other end of the scale lay numerous holdings rated either at or not very much above the 10,000 koku mark, which was the minimum needed for daimyo status. All domains were technically self-governing units, subject only to the broad requirements of Tokugawa hegemony and national policy. This meant that the laws in force in a domain issued from its own administrative capital or castle-town, not Edo; and that the supervisory officials were its own han samurai who were appointed by and responsible to the local daimyo, not the shogun. In the field of taxation, the han governments collected and spent revenues as they pleased, and the bakufu had no customary right to impose regular taxes outside the tenryo. 和訳 260の領有地があって、その大きさは実にさまざまであった。最大の所領は加賀（石川県）と越中（富山県）にまたがる前田家で、５００万ブッシェル（1,000,000石）を超えるコメの公式生産能力があった。その対極には、10,000石を辛うじて上回るかどうかといった程度の小規模所有地が多数存在した。それ（1万石）は、大名たる資格の最低の水準であった。全ての領有地が、規定上の自治単位であったが、ただ徳川政権および全国的施策のための大まかな用件にだけは従わなければならなかった。このことは、一領有地内での施行されている法が江戸からでなく、それ自身の行政の中心地や城下町から出されることを意味した。そして目付け役は将軍でなく、地域の大名から任命され大名に対して責任を負う、当の藩自体の武士であった。課税の分野では、藩の政府の好みに応じて歳入を収集し消費できたのであって、幕府は天領以外に規則的な税金を課すと言うような慣習上の権利は全く持っていなかった。と和訳した場合、正しいですか？

日本語訳を!!

お願いします (11) In 48 BCE, while Cleopatra was away, Pompey came back to Egypt, this time fleeing from Julius Caesar. Since Pompey was Ptolemy's legal guardian, the general thought that the could count on the young king of Egypt to protect him. Instead, Ptolemy allowed his advisors to murder and behead the Roman general. (12) Caesar arrived in Alexandria four days later with 3,200 foot soldiers and 800 cavalrymen. After having Pompey's murderers executed, Caesar took over the royal palace and immediately began giving orders. This news reached Cleopatra in Syria, and she realized that control of Egypt hung in the balance. If power was changing hands, she did not intend to miss out. She smuggled herself back into Alexandria, passing though enemy lines rolled up in a carpet. She was delivered─in the carpet─to Caesar. Imagine his surprise when the carpet was unrolled, and there, before him, was the beautiful young queen of Egypt! (13) Caesar had summoned both Ptolemy and Cleopatra to appear before him. The next morning, when Ptolemy arrived at the palace, he discovered that Cleopatra had gotten there first. It soon became clear to 15-year-old Ptolemy that Caesar and Cleopatra had formed a close alliance. They had, in fact, become lovers. Ptolemy could easily see that Caesar would support Cleopatra's claim to the throne, not his. Shouting that he had been betrayed, Ptolemy stormed out into the streets of Alexandria and started to organize a mob against his sister. (14) Ptolemy gathered an army of 20,000 men. His troops surrounded Caesar, but the great Roman overcame them with his own troops and executed their general. The boy-king drowned in the Nile River while trying to escape.

日本語訳を!!12

お願いします (1) Ptolemy XII was pharaoh of Egypt, the wealthiest country in the Mediterranean world. Ptolemy loved to party─he was called “The Flute Player” because he was so fond of music. But Ptolemy was not just a playful fellow. He was also a troublesome one, so troublesome that his own people wanted him out. They booted him from power in 58 BCE and put his eldest daughter, Berenice, on the throne instead. (2) Ptolemy fought back. He traveled to Rome and bribed the general Ptolemy to support him against Berenice. Ptolemy took troops to Egypt, defeated Berenice's supporters, and returned the playboy king to his throne. In gratitude, Ptolemy named Ptolemy as legal guardian to his eldest son. Ptolemy then gave orders for Berenice to be beheaded. (3) Who was this man who ordered his own daughter's death? (4) Ptolemy XII was actually a Greek. His long-ago ancestor, the first Ptolemy, had served as a general under Alexander the Great, who, in 331 BCE, had conquered a huge empire─including Egypt. When Alexander died, his three top generals divided the empire among themselves. The one who chose Egypt made himself its king and called himself Ptolemy I. By the time Ptolemy XII came to the throne, his family had ruled Egypt for almost 250 years. But they still spoke Greek and considered themselves part of the Greek world. (5) Although Ptolemy had executed his eldest daughter, there was another whom he especially loved─a bright, lively girl named Cleopatra VII. The king seems to have found her the most interesting of all his children. He proclaimed her a goddess when she was about four years old.

世襲政権の発達と大名の旅

英語の文章と訳があります。訳は正しいですか？

質問者が選んだベストアンサー

お礼 2015/11/22 00:23

関連するQ&A

英文と和訳がありますが、和訳は正しいですか？

英語の文章と日本語訳があります。和訳は正しいですか

英語の文章と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

英語の文章と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

英文と日本語訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

お手数ですが、次の英文を訳して下さい。

英語の一文なのですが、

英語の文章と和訳がありますが訳は正しいですか？

英語の文章と日本語訳があります。訳は正しいですか？

英語のジョークと訳を教えてください！

短い英語の文章なのですが、

英語の文章と訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

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英語の和訳

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英語の和訳についてなのですが、

日本語訳を!!

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英語の文章と訳があります。訳は正しいですか？

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お礼 2015/11/22 00:23

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