英訳と和訳の正確さについて -英文と和訳がありますが、和訳は正しいかどうか-

英語の文章と和訳があるのですが、和訳は正しいですか

Fudai han were usually small, but they were strategically placed around the Kanto plain, along an axis to the Kinai district, in Kinai itself, and on the borders of large tozama han. The fudai daimyo (about one hundred and thirty families) provided the bakufu with its councilors and senior officials, and those who received greater prestige, than they would have had as minor territorial lords. 和訳譜代藩は通常小藩であったけれども、（幕府の）戦略的に関東平野の周辺や畿内の軸に沿ってや、畿内のそれ自体の内部や更に大きな外様藩に接している所に配置された。幕府に老中、若年寄や上級職役人を送り込んでいた譜代大名（約130家）は、領土の少ない藩主としては、所有していた分よりも、より大きな威信を受け取っていた。

以下の英文を訳して下さい。

The fudai daimyo (about one hundred and thirty families) provided the bakufu with its councilors and senior officials, and those who received greater prestige, than they would have had as minor territorial lords. It was the fudai han which most faithfully followed Tokugawa precedent and exhortation in internal domain organization and legislation. It is not surprising, therefore, that the fudai houses should have been very closely identified with the bakufu. Its fortunes were their fortunes.

以下の英文を日本語訳して下さい。

For the later period, ‘’baku-han system’’ is a more accurate description. This development was facilitated by the seventeenth-century switch from force to moral persuasion association of all the daimyo, not just a section of them, with the and a general softening of traditional attitudes. From Ieyasu’s time, the great majority of daimyo had been divided into two classes: fudai and tozama. The former were literally the ‘’hereditary vassal lords,’’ the successive heads of families which were already Tokugawa vassals before the fateful battle of Sekigahara. The tozama, by contrast, were the ‘’outside lords,’’ whose ancestors had been Ieyasu’s peers in 1600 and had only sworn allegiance to him after his victory. Fudai han were usually small, but they were strategically placed around the Kanto plain, along anaxis to the Kinai district, in Kinai itself, and on the borders of large tozama han.

英語の文章と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

It was the fudai han which most faithfully followed Tokugawa precedent and exhortation in internal d omain organization and legislation. It is not surprising, therefore, that the fudai houses should have been very closely identified with the bakufu. Its fortunes were their fortunes. 和訳最も忠実に徳川の慣例と領地内組織や法令における勧告に従ったのは譜代藩であった。したがって、譜代家は幕府と極めて緊密であると同一視されてきたのも驚きではない。幕府の運命は、彼らの運命であった。

短い英文に関してなのですが、

Traditionally, the tozama were objects of Tokugawa mistrust, and though territorially strong, these lords could never hope to occupy the positions in the shogunal administration open to their fudai colleagues. という英文があるのですが、この英文を外様は、伝統的に徳川から不信を買った対象であり、これらの君主は領土的には強大であるけれども、決して譜代の仲間入りに対して門戸が開かれている地位ではなかった。と訳した場合、正しい訳と言えますか？

英文を訳して下さい。

Central control was only one facet of Tokugawa government; local autonomy was also an integral part. Throughout their history as national rulers, the shoguns retained direct control over no more than about a quarter of the territory and people of Japan. This area had as its two focal points the Kanto plain and the Kinai district, and was known as the tenryo, or “heavenly domain.” The remaining three-quarters of the country was parceled out among the daimyo t rule as their own domains (han). In addition to functioning as local entities, han were combined with the bakufu to form a unique, viable, and interdependent nations political order. tenryo　天領　

英文を和訳して下さい。

Its provisions applied to all daimyo equally. The military lords were forbidden to: move troops outside their own frontiers; from political alliances among themselves; maintain more than one castle in their domain; marry without shogunal approval. Later prohibitions made it illegal for daimyo to do such things as coin money, enter into direct relations with the court of foreigners as coin money, enter into direct relations with the court of foreigners except with the express permission of the bakufu, ior build large ships except for trade. The military house legislation succeeded in its primary object of protecting the Tokugawa against daimyo attack and ushered in the long period of Tokugawa peace. Civil war, like religious war, became a thing of the past.

以下の英文を訳して下さい。

The obedience of the daimyo was exacted under the guise of vassal loyalty. Those among them who had not already done so had to tender written oaths of obedience to Ieyasu after 1600 acknowledging him as their feudal overlord. These pledges were renewed by each successive daimyo of han, and by all the daimyo whenever a new shogun took office. Lords who disregarded Tokugawa wishes could be punished as disobedient vassals; the shogunate would reprimand them, retire them, or-in extreme cases-confiscate their fiefs. han　藩

英文と和訳があります。和訳は適切でしょうか？

As already pointed out, failure to comply with the bakufu’s injunction or requests could speedily land a daimyo in trouble as a disloyal vassal. Finally, the shogun’s prerogatives as feudal overlord allowed him to intervene at will in the domestic affairs of a han. Although cases of intervention were quite common, the bakufu cannot be said to have abused this right. It was usually driven to act either by a dispute within the han over succession to the position of daimyo or by outbreaks of serious peasant unrest which the local authorities could neither settle nor control. 日本語訳すでに指摘した通り、幕府からの強制命令や要求の不遵守は、裏切った家臣としてあっという間に大名を窮地に追い込めた。最後に、武家の統領としての将軍の特権として、彼は思いのままに藩の内政に介入できた。介入というケースはざらだったが、幕府はこの権利を乱用したとは言えない。それは通常、大名格継承をめぐる藩内のいざこざか、地元の領主たちが解決も制御もできない百姓一揆の勃発によりそうせざるを得なかったからだ。

お手数ですが、次の英文を和訳して下さい。

Traditionally, the tozama were objects of Tokugawa mistrust, and though territorially strong, these lords could never hope to fudai colleagues. Nevertheless, even the tozama benefited from long-term changes. By 1700, it was no longer feasible for any group of daimyo to foment rebellion. Long periods of cohabitation in Edo, a city which was birthplace and childhood home of most of the domainal lords as well as the scene of their later compulsory residences, of outlook among them, and between them and ranking members of the Tokugawa lineage. Marriage and adoption, the later being freely used to ensure that no daimyo family should die out for lack of heirs, worked to the same end. Before long, many of the military lords were related to each other several times over, and similar links bound them to the Kyoto nobility and the Tokugawa house itself.

英文と和訳がありますが、和訳は正しいですか？

Local autonomy also provided for useful initiatives. In finance, for example, nearly all the han governments were confronted by the same shortage of revenue that plagued the bakufu; but after 1800 a few of them hit on remedial policies which were remarkably successful, more so than those attempted by the bakufu itself. In intellectual matters also, the system allowed for considerable diversity, with some han developing distinctive traditions of scholarship and education which were to stand the entire nation in good stead in the troubled years after 1840, and were the ideological mainsprings of its march toward modernity. 日本語訳地方自治もまた有益な戦略を提供した。例えば、財政面でほとんどすべての藩政府が幕府を悩ませたのと同じく歳入不足に直面していた。しかし1800年以降、2，3の藩では幕府が試みたものよりもはるかに著しい成功を収める是正政策を生みだした。学術面でも、幕藩体制は、1840年以降の苦境の時代にも大いに国全体の役にたち、近代化への歩みの観念的推進力となった奨学金や教育制度という独特な伝統の発展をいくつかの藩にもたらす十分な多様性を可能にした。

英語の文章と和訳がありますが訳は正しいですか？

Central control was only one facet of Tokugawa government; local autonomy was also an integral part. Throughout their history as national rulers, the shoguns retained direct control over no more than about a quarter of the territory and people of Japan. This area had as its two focal points the Kanto plain and the Kinai district, and was known as the tenryo, or “heavenly domain.” The remaining three-quarters of the country was parceled out among the daimyo t rule as their own domains (han). In addition to functioning as local entities, han were combined with the bakufu to form a unique, viable, and interdependent nations political order. 和訳中央集権は徳川政権の一面に過ぎない。；地方自治も不可欠の部分であった。国の統治者としてのその歴史を通じて、将軍は日本という領土と人民のわずか約4分の1の直接統治を保持したに過ぎなかった。その範囲は、2つの中心点として、関東平野と畿内地域を持っていて、天領すなわち「天から与えられた領地」として知られた。国の残りの約4分の3は、大名の間で彼ら自身の領地（藩）として分配された。地方自治体としての機能に加えて、藩は幕府と組み合わさって、独特で発展性のある国家政治体制を形成した。

次の英文を日本語訳して下さい。

The two hundred and sixty domains varied greatly in size. The largest was that of the Maeda family in Kaga (Ishikawa Prefecture) and Etchu (Toyama Prefecture) provinces, with an official productive capacity of over five million bushels of rice (1,000,000 koku). At the other end of the scale lay numerous holdings rated either at or not very much above the 10,000 koku mark, which was the minimum needed for daimyo status. All domains were technically self-governing units, subject only to the broad requirements of Tokugawa hegemony and national policy. This meant that the laws in force in a domain issued from its own administrative capital or castle-town, not Edo; and that the supervisory officials were its own han samurai who were appointed by and responsible to the local daimyo, not the shogun. In the field of taxation, the han governments collected and spent revenues as they pleased, and the bakufu had no customary right to impose regular taxes outside the tenryo. koku　石　tenryo　天領

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

Its provisions applied to all daimyo equally. The military lords were forbidden to: move troops outside their own frontiers; from political alliances among themselves; maintain more than one castle in their domain; marry without shogunal approval. Later prohibitions made it illegal for daimyo to do such things as coin money, enter into direct relations with the court of foreigners as coin money, enter into direct relations with the court of foreigners except with the express permission of the bakufu, ior build large ships except for trade. The military house legislation succeeded in its primary object of protecting the Tokugawa against daimyo attack and ushered in the long period of Tokugawa peace. Civil war, like religious war, became a thing of the past. 和訳その規定はすべての大名に等しく適用された。軍事力をもつ大名は次のようなことを禁止された：自国の国境の外に兵を動かすこと、大名同士の政治的同盟をもつこと、自分の領地に一つ以上の城をもつこと、将軍の許しなしに婚姻すること。後に制定された禁止令は大名が通貨や、通貨を用いて外国の宮廷と直接取引を開始すること、幕府の明確な許可なしに外国の宮廷と直接取引を開始する事または貿易以外の目的で大型船を建造することを非合法とした。軍事力をもつ大名への法律は、大名の攻撃から徳川を守るという一義的目的に成功し、徳川の長きにわたる平和な時代を導いた。宗教戦争のような内乱は過去の物となったのだ。

以下の英文が合っているか確認願います！

以下の英文が合っているか確認願います。間違っていたら英訳のしなおしをお願いします。 ---- 忍者は大名や領主などの雇い主に仕え、諜報活動、破壊活動、浸透戦術、暗殺などの仕事をしていました。 Serving their employers, such as daimyo lords, ninja were working for collection of information, destruction of facilities, conciliatory of people and assassination. --- 回答よろしくお願いします。

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

It would be more accurate, if less colorful, to say that han bureaucracy was lord of all it could survey. For, in domain affairs as much as in their relations with the shogun, the daimyo were ‘’victims’’ of bureaucratization; most of the authority they had wielded at the beginning of the seventeenth century as personal rulers quickly passed to councils of hereditary ‘’clan elders’’ (karo). 和訳藩の官僚が検分できるすべての君主であった、という方がたとえ面白みは減るにせよより的確であろう。それゆえ大名は、藩の事柄（内政）においても、将軍（幕府）との関係においてと同じくらい、領地問題では官僚化の「犠牲者」であった。すなわち、１７世紀の初頭では個人的な支配者として彼ら大名が振っていた権限のその大半が急速に世襲の「藩の長老」（家老）たちの評議会へ移行していったのである。

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいでしょうか？

It is true that local autonomy was an integral part of the Tokugawa system, in the sense that the han had existed from the first as semi-independent and functioning entities. It is even more true in the sense that the domains became even more closely integrated in the overall administrative structure as time went on, and at the same time were able to consolidate their (albeit subordinate) position relative to the bakufu. Therefore, to talk of the ‘’Tokugawa system’’ or the ‘’Tokugawa bakufu’’ is useful when discussing the administrative structure and developments of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, but after that these terms reflect progressively less of the actual state of affairs and, in particular, the distribution of power. 和訳藩が始めから半独立国家的に機能する物として存在していたという意味で、地方自治が徳川体制にとって必須であったことは事実である。さらに、時が経つにつれ藩が（徳川の）総合的行政機構により緊密に組み込まれていき、同時に幕府に対し、おのが地位（服従ではあるものの）を強固なものに出来たという意味でも事実である。よって、17世紀と18世紀初めの行政機構とその発展について論議する場合、「徳川体制」もしくは「徳川幕府」を語ることは有意義ではあるものの、こうした表現は徐々にそれ以後の国家情勢、特に権力の分配について表すものではなくなっていく。

英文の和訳で困っています　和訳を助けてください

英文の和訳で困っています　和訳を教えていただきたいですよろしくお願いします！！ The position of the new baths, like the old, was strategically chosen to benefit as large a slice of the urban population as possible. They served the northern and western quarters, leaving the Stabian baths to cater to dwellers in the centre and east. It is interesting that both sets of baths were fitted in irregular insulae, which straddled the transition between the old quarter of the city and the more regular developments to the north and east. If, as Eschebach argues, there was formerly some kind of physical boundary or pomerium round the old quarter, these blocks may have been relatively sparsely built up, thus providing the only feasibile sites which were both centrally positioned and large enough to accommodate the baths. The buildings of the colonists made an important mark on Pompeii’s public landscape; they set the stamp on its transformation from the Hellenized Samnite city of the second century BC to the Roman city of the early Imperial period.

英文と日本語訳がありますが、和訳は正しいですか？

There were, however, restraints on the exercise by the han of both administrative and fiscal independence. In the first place, no han government could flout the general regulations of the bakufu on such matters as religion, monetary policy, civil war, or relations with the Kyoto court. In the second place, many of the smaller han were instructed to follow shogunal practice in day-to-day administration. Thirdly, even though a direct levy on han revenues was adopted only once or twice by the bakufu as a last resort in times of grave financial crisis, individual han frequently found themselves compelled to contribute to costly public works schemes (road building, castle repairing, land reclamation) in Edo and elsewhere in the shogunal territory. 日本語訳しかしながら、藩の行政と財政的独立性に関しては行使に制限があった。まず第一に、藩政府は宗教、金融政策、内乱または京都の朝廷との接触といった問題で幕府の全般的規則に逆らうことはできなかった。第二に、弱小藩の多くは日々の行政に関する幕府からの通達に従うよう指示されていた。第三に、深刻な財政危機状態の最後の手段として1度ないしは2度だけ、藩の税収への直接課税が幕府によって採用されたにもかかわらず、個々の藩は頻繁に、江戸や将軍家の御用地のいたるところで自分達が金のかかる公共事業計画（道路建設、城の修理、土地造成）に貢献するよう強制されることに気づいていた。

英語の文章と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

The obedience of the daimyo was exacted under the guise of vassal loyalty. Those among them who had not already done so had to tender written oaths of obedience to Ieyasu after 1600 acknowledging him as their feudal overlord. These pledges were renewed by each successive daimyo of han, and by all the daimyo whenever a new shogun took office. Lords who disregarded Tokugawa wishes could be punished as disobedient vassals; the shogunate would reprimand them, retire them, or-in extreme cases-confiscate their fiefs. 和訳大名の服従は臣下としての忠誠心の名のもとに強要された。いまだそれに応じていない者は、1600年以降家康に、彼が武家の大領主であると認める服従を誓う誓詞を提出しなければならなかった。これらの誓詞は、個々の藩の大名後継者によって更新され、新しい将軍が就任した時はすべての大名によって更新された。徳川の意向に背く藩主は反抗的な家臣として処罰する事が可能だった。幕府はそうした者たちを叱責し、代替わりさせたり、極端な場合、領地を没収したりもした。

英訳と和訳の正確さについて

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

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お礼 2016/01/15 15:06

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英語の文章と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

短い英文に関してなのですが、

英文を訳して下さい。

英文を和訳して下さい。

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英文と和訳があります。和訳は適切でしょうか？

お手数ですが、次の英文を和訳して下さい。

英文と和訳がありますが、和訳は正しいですか？

英語の文章と和訳がありますが訳は正しいですか？

次の英文を日本語訳して下さい。

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

以下の英文が合っているか確認願います！

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいでしょうか？

英文の和訳で困っています　和訳を助けてください

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英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

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お礼 2016/01/15 15:06

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英語の文章と和訳があるのですが、和訳は正しいですか

以下の英文を訳して下さい。

以下の英文を日本語訳して下さい。

英語の文章と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

短い英文に関してなのですが、

英文を訳して下さい。

英文を和訳して下さい。

以下の英文を訳して下さい。

英文と和訳があります。和訳は適切でしょうか？

お手数ですが、次の英文を和訳して下さい。

英文と和訳がありますが、和訳は正しいですか？

英語の文章と和訳がありますが訳は正しいですか？

次の英文を日本語訳して下さい。

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

以下の英文が合っているか確認願います！

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？

英文と和訳があります。和訳は正しいでしょうか？

英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を助けてください

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