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Chilembwe's aims have also come under scrutiny. According to Robert I. Rotberg, Chilembwe's speech of 23 January appeared to stress the importance and inevitability of martyrdom as a principal motivation. The same speech depicted the uprising as a manifestation of desperation but because of his desire to "strike a blow and die", he did not have any idea of what he would replace colonialism with if the revolt succeeded. Rotberg concludes that Chilembwe planned to seize power in the Shire Highlands or perhaps in all of Nyasaland. John McCracken attacks the idea that the revolt could be considered nationalist, arguing that Chilembwe's ideology was instead fundamentally utopian and created in opposition to localised abuses of the colonial system, particularly thangata. According to McCracken, the uprising failed because Chilembwe was over-reliant on a small Europeanised petite bourgeoisie and did not gain enough mass support. Rotberg's examination the Chilembwe revolt from a psychoanalytical perspective concludes that Chilembwe's personal situation, his psychosomatic asthma and financial debt may have been contributory factors in his decision to plot the rebellion.

Raid on the Suez Canal

The Raid on the Suez Canal, also known as Actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 after a German-led Ottoman Army force advanced from Southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, before the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I.
Substantial Ottoman forces crossed the Sinai peninsula, but their attack failed mainly because of strongly held defences and alert defenders. Since its opening in 1869 the Suez Canal had featured prominently in British policy and concerns. Among its great advantages were as a line of communication and also the site for a military base as the well equipped ports at Alexandria and Port Said made the region particularly useful. However, the popularity of the British was in decline in Egypt as the people disliked the occupation and the imposition of a foreign country and alien religion in control of their country.
The Convention of Constantinople of 1888 by the European Powers guaranteed freedom of navigation of the Suez Canal. In August 1914 Egypt was defended by 5,000 men in the Force in Egypt.

Raid on the Suez Canal 第一次スエズ攻勢？訳がわかりませんでした。

回答No.2

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Chilembwe's aims have also come under scrutiny. According to Robert I. Rotberg, Chilembwe's speech of 23 January appeared to stress the importance and inevitability of martyrdom as a principal motivation. The same speech depicted the uprising as a manifestation of desperation but because of his desire to "strike a blow and die", he did not have any idea of what he would replace colonialism with if the revolt succeeded. Rotberg concludes that Chilembwe planned to seize power in the Shire Highlands or perhaps in all of Nyasaland.
⇒チレンブエの目的もまた精査されている。ロバート・I.ロトベルグによると、1月23日のチレンブエの演説は、主要な動機として殉教の重要性と必然性を強調しているように見えるという。同スピーチは、暴動を絶望の表れとして描いたが、「打撃と死（討死）」を望む彼の欲望のため、彼は反乱が成功した場合植民地主義を何に置き換えるのかは想像だにしなかった。ロトベルグは、チレンブエがシレ高地で、あるいはおそらくニヤサランド全土で権力を掌握することを計画した、と結論づけている。

＞John McCracken attacks the idea that the revolt could be considered nationalist, arguing that Chilembwe's ideology was instead fundamentally utopian and created in opposition to localised abuses of the colonial system, particularly thangata. According to McCracken, the uprising failed because Chilembwe was over-reliant on a small Europeanised petite bourgeoisie and did not gain enough mass support. Rotberg's examination the Chilembwe revolt from a psychoanalytical perspective concludes that Chilembwe's personal situation, his psychosomatic asthma and financial debt may have been contributory factors in his decision to plot the rebellion.
⇒ジョン・マクラッケンは、反乱は民族主義者と見なされる可能性があるという考えを攻撃し、チレンブエのイデオロギーは根本的にユートピア論であり、植民地システム、特にタンガタに見られた局所的虐待に反対して形成されたのだと主張する。マクラッケンによると、チレンブエは小ヨーロッパ化された矮小ブルジョアジーに依存し過ぎて十分な支持を得られなかったために蜂起は失敗したのだという。精神分析的観点からのチレンブエ反乱に関するロトベルグの調査は、チレンブエの個人的な状況、彼の心因性喘息、および財政的負債が、反乱企ての決定因子となったかもしれない、と結論づけている。

＞Raid on the Suez Canal
　The Raid on the Suez Canal, also known as Actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 after a German-led Ottoman Army force advanced from Southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, before the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I.
⇒「スエズ運河の襲撃」
　「スエズ運河べりの戦闘」としても知られる「スエズ運河の襲撃」は、第一次世界大戦中、「シナイ・パレスチナ野戦」開始前にドイツ主導のオスマン帝国軍が南パレスチナから英帝国に保護されるスエズ運河を攻撃するために進軍した後、1915年1月26日から2月4日にかけて行われた。

＞Substantial Ottoman forces crossed the Sinai peninsula, but their attack failed mainly because of strongly held defences and alert defenders. Since its opening in 1869 the Suez Canal had featured prominently in British policy and concerns. Among its great advantages were as a line of communication and also the site for a military base as the well equipped ports at Alexandria and Port Said made the region particularly useful. However, the popularity of the British was in decline in Egypt as the people disliked the occupation and the imposition of a foreign country and alien religion in control of their country.
⇒オスマンの主要軍団はシナイ半島を通過したが、彼らの攻撃は、主に強力な防衛と警戒中の守備隊のために失敗した。スエズ運河は、1869年の開業以来、英国の政策との関わりが際立っていた。その大きな利点の中には、アレクサンドリアにある装備の整った数か所の港とサイード港などと同じように、通信回線や軍事基地の場所でもあることがこの地域を特に有用にしていたのである。しかし、エジプトにおける英国人の人口は減少していった。それというのも、現地の人々が外国に占領・課税されることや、外国宗教が自国を支配する座につくことを嫌ったためであった。

＞The Convention of Constantinople of 1888 by the European Powers guaranteed freedom of navigation of the Suez Canal. In August 1914 Egypt was defended by 5,000 men in the Force in Egypt.
⇒1888年、ヨーロッパ列強の「コンスタンチノープル条約」によって、スエズ運河の航行の自由が保証された。1914年8月、エジプトは5,000人の在エジプト軍団によって守備・防衛されていた。

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回答ありがとうございました。

回答No.1

daredeshoo

http://www.c20.jp/20c/1915.html
をご参照ください。

日本語としての定訳はないのかもしれませんから、
その場合は、訳者であるあなたが適切に訳すことになります。