日本語訳をお願いいたします。

質問

British rule in Nyasaland radically altered the local indigenous power structures. The early colonial period saw some immigration and settlement by white colonists, who bought large swathes of territory from local chiefs, often for token payments in beads or guns. Most of the land acquired, particularly in the Shire Highlands, was converted into white-owned plantations where tea, coffee, cotton and tobacco were grown. The enforcement of colonial institutions, such as the Hut Tax, compelled many indigenous people to find paid work and the demand for labour created by the plantations, led to their becoming a major employer. Once employed on the plantations, black workers found that they were frequently beaten and subject to racial discrimination. Increasingly, the plantations were also forced to rely on a system of forced labour or corvée, known locally at the thangata. John Chilembwe, born locally in around 1871, received his early education at a Church of Scotland mission and later met Joseph Booth, a radical Baptist missionary who ran the Zambezi Industrial Mission. Booth preached a form of egalitarianism and his progressive attitude towards race attracted Chilembwe's attention. Under Booth's patronage, Chilembwe travelled to the United States to study at a theological college in Virginia. There he mixed in African-American circles and was influenced by stories of the abolitionist John Brown and the egalitarianist Booker T. Washington. Chilembwe returned to Nyasaland in 1900 and, with the assistance of the African-American National Baptist Convention, he founded his independent church, the Providence Industrial Mission, in the village of Mbombwe. He was considered a "model of non-violent African advancement" by the colonial authorities during the mission's early years. He established a chain of independent black African schools, with over 900 pupils in total and founded the Natives' Industrial Union, a form of cooperative union that has been described as an "embryo chamber of commerce". Nevertheless, Chilembwe's activities led to friction with the managers of the local Alexander Livingstone Bruce Plantation, who feared Chilembwe's influence over their workers. In November 1913, employees of the local A. L. Bruce Estates burnt down churches that Chilembwe or his followers had built on estate land.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞British rule in Nyasaland radically altered the local indigenous power structures. The early colonial period saw some immigration and settlement by white colonists, who bought large swathes of territory from local chiefs, often for token payments in beads or guns. Most of the land acquired, particularly in the Shire Highlands, was converted into white-owned plantations where tea, coffee, cotton and tobacco were grown. The enforcement of colonial institutions, such as the Hut Tax, compelled many indigenous people to find paid work and the demand for labour created by the plantations, led to their becoming a major employer.
⇒英国によるニヤサランド支配は、地元先住民族の権力構造を根本的に変えた。初期の植民地時代には、白人入植者による移民と定住が見られた。彼らは、しばしばガラス玉や銃を支払い保証にして地元の首長から領土の大地帯を買った。取得した土地のほとんど、特にシャイア高地では、茶、コーヒー、綿、タバコを栽培する白人所有の農園に転換された。「ハット（小屋）税」などの植民地制度の施行により、多くの先住民が有給の仕事を探すとか、農園によって生み出された労働需要を探すことを余儀なくされ、それによって彼ら（白人農園所有者）が主要な雇用主になった。

＞Once employed on the plantations, black workers found that they were frequently beaten and subject to racial discrimination. Increasingly, the plantations were also forced to rely on a system of forced labour or corvée, known locally at the thangata. John Chilembwe, born locally in around 1871, received his early education at a Church of Scotland mission and later met Joseph Booth, a radical Baptist missionary who ran the Zambezi Industrial Mission. Booth preached a form of egalitarianism and his progressive attitude towards race attracted Chilembwe's attention.
⇒黒人労働者は、農園で雇用されると頻繁に痛めつけられ、人種差別の対象になることがわかった。さらに、農園は、タンガタの地元で知られている強制労働または夫役のシステムに頼らざるを得なくなった。1871年頃に地元で生まれたジョン・チレンブエは、スコットランド教会宣教施設で初期の教育を受け、後に「ザンベジ産業教宣施設」を運営する過激なバプテスト宣教師ジョセフ・ブースに出会った。ブースはある種の平等主義を説き、人種に対する彼の進歩的な態度がチレンブエの注目を引いた。

＞Under Booth's patronage, Chilembwe travelled to the United States to study at a theological college in Virginia. There he mixed in African-American circles and was influenced by stories of the abolitionist John Brown and the egalitarianist Booker T. Washington. Chilembwe returned to Nyasaland in 1900 and, with the assistance of the African-American National Baptist Convention, he founded his independent church, the Providence Industrial Mission, in the village of Mbombwe. He was considered a "model of non-violent African advancement" by the colonial authorities during the mission's early years.
⇒ブースの後援の下で、チレンブエはバージニア州の神学大学で学ぶために米国へ赴いた。そこで彼はアフリカ系アメリカ人のサークルに入り、（奴隷制）廃止主義者ジョン・ブラウンと平等主義主義者ブッカー・T. ワシントンの語の影響を受けた。チレンブエは1900年ニャサランドに戻り、「アフリカ系アメリカ人全国バプテスト派会議」の支援を受けて、ムボンブエの村に独立した教会「プロビデンス（神意）産業教宣施設」を設立した。彼は、教宣活動の初期に植民地当局によって「アフリカ進歩のための非暴力モデル」と見なされた。

＞He established a chain of independent black African schools, with over 900 pupils in total and founded the Natives' Industrial Union, a form of cooperative union that has been described as an "embryo chamber of commerce". Nevertheless, Chilembwe's activities led to friction with the managers of the local Alexander Livingstone Bruce Plantation, who feared Chilembwe's influence over their workers. In November 1913, employees of the local A. L. Bruce Estates burnt down churches that Chilembwe or his followers had built on estate land.
⇒彼は独立したアフリカ系黒人学校のチェーン校を設立し、合計で900人以上の生徒を擁し、「胚（胎児）の商工会議所」と言われた協同組合の一形態である先住民労働組合を設立した。しかしながら、チレンブエの活動は地元のアレクサンダー・リビングストン・ブルース農園の経営者との摩擦につながり、その経営者は農園の労働者に対するチレンブエの影響を恐れた。1913年11月、地元の「A. L.ブルース・エステーツ（地所）」の従業員が、チレンブエや彼の信者がその地に建てた教会を焼き払った。