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質問

That the BEF might assemble at Maubeuge was known to the Germans but a concentration at the Channel ports was thought possible. On 21 August, General Karl von Bülow ordered the 1st Army (General Alexander von Kluck) to veer southwards towards Maubeuge. On 24 August, the VII Corps, on the right flank of the 2nd Army, advanced until the 13th Division was stopped by fire from the Maubeuge garrison. On 25 August, the corps was ordered to isolate the south-eastern fringe of the town with the 13th Division and advance against the right flank of the BEF, south of Maubeuge towards Aulnoye with the rest of the corps. German air reconnaissance revealed the beginning of a French general retreat towards Verdun, Mézières and Maubeuge. The 14th Division of the VII Reserve Corps, was ordered south to Binche to join the IX and VII Corps to surround Maubeuge and the BEF; late in the afternoon it was found that the BEF had escaped. Bulow made General Karl von Einem responsible for the investment of Maubeuge, with the VII Corps (less the 14th Division), VII Reserve Corps (less the 13th Reserve Division), IX Corps and the artillery and siege units released by the end of the Siege of Namur.
The German 2nd Army bypassed Maubeuge to the east and the Entrenched Camp was surrounded on 26 August. On 27 August, General Hans von Zwehl (VII Reserve Corps) was ordered to conduct the siege with the 17th Division of IX Corps; the 13th Reserve Division was diverted to Maubeuge and VII Corps was ordered south, less one brigade. Zwehl planned to attack the fortress from the north-east, with a secondary attack from south of the Sambre. Three sectors were established, one from the Trouille stream to the Sambre below Maubeuge, the second from the Sambre to the Solre brook and the third sector from the Solre to the Sambre north of the fortifications. A regiment of cavalry was to cover the gap to the west and north. The 21 heavy Austrian 305 mm howitzer and super-heavy German 420 mm Gamma Mörser batteries from Namur were to be deployed between Givry and Solre. By 2 September, the 27th Reserve Infantry Brigade had taken over the first sector, the 26th Infantry Brigade held the southern sector and elements of the 13th Reserve Division held a new fourth sector to the west around Bavay. From 24 August, Fournier received information from spies on the German advance and planned a reconnaissance in force north of Maubeuge, to discover German intentions, harass the besiegers and give his troops more experience. On 25 August, the garrison reserve advanced towards Quévy and Havay over the Belgian border and engineers cut the narrow-gauge railway along the frontier.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞That the BEF might assemble at Maubeuge was known to the Germans but a concentration at the Channel ports was thought possible. On 21 August, General Karl von Bülow ordered the 1st Army (General Alexander von Kluck) to veer southwards towards Maubeuge. On 24 August, the VII Corps, on the right flank of the 2nd Army, advanced until the 13th Division was stopped by fire from the Maubeuge garrison. On 25 August, the corps was ordered to isolate the south-eastern fringe of the town with the 13th Division and advance against the right flank of the BEF, south of Maubeuge towards Aulnoye with the rest of the corps.
⇒BEFがモーブージュで集結する可能性があることはドイツ軍に知られていたが、海峡港への集中もあり得ると考えられていた。8月21日、カール・フォン・ビュロー将軍は第1方面軍（アレクサンダー・フォン・クルック将軍）にモーブージュを目指して南へ転進するよう命じた。8月24日、第2方面軍の右側面にある第VII軍団は、第13師団がモーブージュ守備軍からの砲撃によって止められるまで前進した。8月25日、軍団は第13師団をもって町の南東の縁を分離し、残りの軍団とともにモーブージュの南オルノイェに向かって進み、BEFの右側面隊に対峙するよう命令された。

＞German air reconnaissance revealed the beginning of a French general retreat towards Verdun, Mézières and Maubeuge. The 14th Division of the VII Reserve Corps, was ordered south to Binche to join the IX and VII Corps to surround Maubeuge and the BEF; late in the afternoon it was found that the BEF had escaped. Bulow made General Karl von Einem responsible for the investment of Maubeuge, with the VII Corps (less the 14th Division), VII Reserve Corps (less the 13th Reserve Division), IX Corps and the artillery and siege units released by the end of the Siege of Namur.
⇒ドイツ軍の航空偵察により、フランス軍がヴェルダン、メジエール、モーブージュに向って総退却を始めたことが明らかになった。第VII予備軍団の第14師団は、南のビンシュで第IX、第VII軍団と合流してモーブージュとBEFを包囲するよう命じられた。午後遅くに、BEFが逃亡したことがわかった。ビューローはカール・フォン・アイネム将軍をモーブージュの責任者として任官し、第VII軍団（第14師団を除く）、第VII予備軍団（第13予備軍師団を除く）、第IX軍団、それと「ナミュール包囲戦」の終わりに解放された砲兵隊と包囲部隊とを投入した。

＞The German 2nd Army bypassed Maubeuge to the east and the Entrenched Camp was surrounded on 26 August. On 27 August, General Hans von Zwehl (VII Reserve Corps) was ordered to conduct the siege with the 17th Division of IX Corps; the 13th Reserve Division was diverted to Maubeuge and VII Corps was ordered south, less one brigade. Zwehl planned to attack the fortress from the north-east, with a secondary attack from south of the Sambre.
⇒ドイツ第2方面軍はモーブージュを東に迂回し、8月26日に塹壕野営地が包囲された。8月27日、ハンス・フォン・ツヴェール将軍（第VII予備軍団）が第IX軍団の第17師団とともに包囲活動を行うよう命じられた。第13予備軍師団はモーブージュに転進し、第VII軍団は、1個旅団を除いて、南に転進するよう命令された。ツヴェールは北東から要塞を攻撃し、サンブルの南から二次攻撃を行うことを計画した。

Three sectors were established, one from the Trouille stream to the Sambre below Maubeuge, the second from the Sambre to the Solre brook and the third sector from the Solre to the Sambre north of the fortifications. A regiment of cavalry was to cover the gap to the west and north. The 21 heavy Austrian 305 mm howitzer and super-heavy German 420 mm Gamma Mörser batteries from Namur were to be deployed between Givry and Solre.
3か所の地区が確立された。1つはトルイユ川からモーブージュ下のサンブルまで、2つ目はサンブルからソルル川まで、3つ目の地区は要塞北側のソルルからサンブルまで、となった。騎兵1個連隊が、西と北の間隙を埋めることになった。ナミュールから来るオーストリア製305ミリの榴弾砲とドイツ製420ミリのガンマメルザー超重砲（合わせて）21門がギヴリーとソルルの間に配備されることになった。

＞By 2 September, the 27th Reserve Infantry Brigade had taken over the first sector, the 26th Infantry Brigade held the southern sector and elements of the 13th Reserve Division held a new fourth sector to the west around Bavay. From 24 August, Fournier received information from spies on the German advance and planned a reconnaissance in force north of Maubeuge, to discover German intentions, harass the besiegers and give his troops more experience. On 25 August, the garrison reserve advanced towards Quévy and Havay over the Belgian border and engineers cut the narrow-gauge railway along the frontier.
⇒9月2日までに、第27予備歩兵旅団が第1地区を引き継ぎ、第26歩兵旅団が南部地区を保持し、第13予備師団の要員がババイ周辺の西に新しい第4地区を受け持った。8月24日から、フルニエはドイツの進撃についてスパイから情報を受け取り、モーブージ北部での偵察を計画した。ドイツ軍の意図を探り、攻囲隊に嫌がらせをし、自軍部隊にさらなる経験を積ませるためであった。8月25日、守備隊はベルギー国境を越えてケヴィとハバイに向かって前進し、工兵隊が国境に沿った狭軌鉄道を切断した。

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