高齢者男性老人ホームの入居者の歩行とバランス改善のための臨床試験| OKWAVE

英語論文翻訳お願いします

The intervention was found to be acceptable and safe for the selected were missed because of exercise-in-duced musculoskeletal complaints, nor did any subjects drop out because of dissatisfaction with the program. Medical illness requiring hospitalization did cause two participants to withdraw, illustrating the role of intercurrent illness as a cause of deconditioning and progressive debilitation 34. The conclusion that the intervention was only partially effective is based on the evaluation of five types of outcome variables. Strength, endurance and gait improved significantly, but left the treated patients still considerably below age-matched healthy individuals in these respects. Aerobic work capacity and balance were not improved by the 12wk of exercise. The participants in the exercise program did increase their lower extremity muscle strength. The isotonic strength measurements increased symmetrically, whereas the isokinetic strength measure ments revealed left-side gains to be greater than those on the right. In addition to strength, both right and left lower extremity muscular endurance improved significantly. At the end of the exercise program, however, the average scores for strength and endurance were still only about 65% of age-matched normal values. すみません… お願いします

英語論文翻訳お願いします

The gains in muscle strength, stride length and gait velocity were greater in the left leg than in the right leg. All study participants were right side dominant. The most plausible explanation for the consistently greater nondominant side improvements is that the left lower extremity may have been subject to greater disuse atrophy than the right lower extremity. The finding of asymmetrical left lower extremity strength improvement in conjunction with left stride length and velocity improvement supports the work of Bassey et al 20. Correlating muscle strength to customary gait velocity. The percentage improvements in strength, tinetti mobility score, stride length and stride velocity were only 6,10,5 and 3% of the baseline values, respectively. These changes appeared to be small in relationship to the baseline deficiencies of 62% for strength, 71% for tinetti score, 56% for stride length and60% for gait velocity. Such changes are likely not trivial, however, because increases in gait speed of the magnitude produced by the present exercise program have proven to be predictors of eventual independent mobility in poorly mobile subjects 39. It is also possible that the type of exercise utilized in this particular study, but with greater intensity or longer duration, could magnify the gains. Finally, it needs to be emphasized that the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study, in addition to the complexity of the protocol, resulted in an extremely small sample size. The small group of subjects may not have been representative of the entire ZVAMC NHCU population. These considerations limit the general izability of the study’s conclusions. 最後です。;; すみませんお願い致します…

英語論文翻訳お願いします

Experience of the Exercise Group Compliance The eight exercise group subjects completed all 36 sessions. However, before completing all exercise sessions, total of 16 sessions were missed accounting for an overall compliance rate of ～95%. The average heart rate of 103 beats /min, achieved during stationary crying, equaled 82%of the exercise stress-tested maximal heart rate and 70% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate. The exercise participants used the Air-Dyne model cycle ergometers 85% of the time and the Ergo-Metric models the remaining 15%. Because of the added upper extremity exercise provided by the reciprocal arm movements, the subjects achieved higher average heart rates and were encouraged to use the Air-Dyne model cycle ergometers. Safety and intercurrent Illness The exercise program was safe with no apparent adverse side effects and no session were missed because of musculoskeletal complications. None of the subjects dropped out because of dissatisfaction with the program. Twp participants, both in the exercise group, were forced to withdraw from the study because of intercurrent illnesses. Results of testing at the end of the exercise program Compasidon of the first to the last exercise sessions showed that each of the men participating in the exercise program increased the amount of weight lifted in the 10 repetition maximum. Baseline weight lifted averaged 7.6 lbs for the hip muscle groups, 28 lbs for the knee extensors and 46 lbs for the ankle plantar flexors. The increase in weight lifted over the course of the study averaged 7.3 lbs (99%) for the hip muscle groups, 21lbs(81%) for the knee extensors and 37 lbs (80%) for the ankle plantar flexors. Although one repetition maximum values were measured before the first exercise session, they were not repeated at the end of the exercise program. The control subjects did not undergo baseline weight measurement determinations. Table 3 provides information regarding each of the before and after variables measured in the exercise group. The mean increase in tinetti mobility scores of+3.37 was significant (P<0.05), with each subject scoring higher after completion of the exercise program. The tinetti scale was divided into three parts, consisting of strength items (12 points), items combining strength and balance (6 points) and items that were primarily related to balance (16 points). Increases in items primarily related to strength were significant (P<0.01), while increases in balance-related item approached significance (P<0.06). Table2&3 Isokinetic strength measurements that increased significantly included overall strength combining the individual muscle group measurements (P<0.01), combined right and left quadriceps strength (P<0.05) and right- and left- handed muscular endurance (P<0.05). left quadriceps strength improvements approached, but did not achieve significance (P<0.07). post-strengthening measurements of gait and balance revealed significant improvements in left-sided stride length (P<0.005), left gait velocity (P<0.01) and average stride length (P<0.005) and velocity (P<0.05). no significant changes occurred for the other measured parameters including V02 max and balance. Experience of the control group The results for the control group can be found in Table 4. All control subjects completed the testing protocol without complications. No outcome variable improved significantly at the end of the 12-wk control period with the exception of the combined hamstring strength (P<0.05). Between group comparisons Table 5 compares the magnitude of change between the before and after test measurements in the exercise U the control group. Differences of significance included the tinetti mobility scores (P<0.005), left stride length (P<0.05), left velocity (P<0.05), average stride length (P<0.05) and average velocity (P<0.05). よろしくお願いします。 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1466871

英語論文翻訳お願いします

Testing procedures All study participants completed manual muscle and Tinetti mobility testing , isokinetic strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups , exercise stress testing and gait and balance testing bath at the beginning and gait and balance testing bath at the beginning and end of the 12-wk study period. These measurements were made by blinded examiners at baseline and 7 to 10 days after completion of either the exercise or control protocols. Positioning of the subjects for manual muscle testing of the various lower extremity muscle groups and the zero to five muscle strength grading system were based on the positions and grades established by Kendall and MCreary.27 Modifications in muscle testing were made as necessary following the procedures recommended by Daniels and Worthingham.28 Leg length discrepancies and significant joint motion limitations were recorded at this time. Clinical gait and balance were measured with a modified version of Tinetti’s instrument.29 This mobility test involves a series of simple tasks including sitting, standing up from and sitting down in a cair, standing and tandem standing both with eyes open and closed , turning in a circle, turning head from side to side , standing on one leg , reaching and bending to pick up an object, withstanding a nudge on the sternum while standing and walking short distances with or without the aid of an assistive device. Observations of gait were made for gait intiation, step length and height, step symmetry, step continuity and gait path. Each task was scored on a zero to one or zero to two scale . Isokinetic muscle strength testing was performed at 60°per second to obtain concentric isokinetic strength measurements for knee flexion and extension, measurements for knee flexion and extension, utilizing the Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer (Lumex, Inc. Bayshore, NY) and single-channel chart recorder. Adjustments for age were determined by estimating a 1% decline in strength per year after age 40.30 Measurements of endurance were recorded by tabulating the number of repetitions completed at 180°per second before strength declined to <50% of peak torque. Testing procedures All study participants completed manual muscle and Tinetti mobility testing , isokinetic strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups , exercise stress testing and gait and balance testing bath at the beginning and gait and balance testing bath at the beginning and end of the 12-wk study period. These measurements were made by blinded examiners at baseline and 7 to 10 days after completion of either the exercise or control protocols. Positioning of the subjects for manual muscle testing of the various lower extremity muscle groups and the zero to five muscle strength grading system were based on the positions and grades established by Kendall and MCreary.27 Modifications in muscle testing were made as necessary following the procedures recommended by Daniels and Worthingham.28 Leg length discrepancies and significant joint motion limitations were recorded at this time. Clinical gait and balance were measured with a modified version of Tinetti’s instrument.29 This mobility test involves a series of simple tasks including sitting, standing up from and sitting down in a cair, standing and tandem standing both with eyes open and closed , turning in a circle, turning head from side to side , standing on one leg , reaching and bending to pick up an object, withstanding a nudge on the sternum while standing and walking short distances with or without the aid of an assistive device. Observations of gait were made for gait intiation, step length and height, step symmetry, step continuity and gait path. Each task was scored on a zero to one or zero to two scale . よろしくお願いします

英文訳お願いします

To date no studies have reported the effects on gait and balance in the frail elderly of a combined strengthening and aerobic exercise program .Because lower extremity muscle strength has been correlated with falls, and both muscle strength and Vo2 max have been correlated with gait velocity , we considered a logical intervention to be a combined moderate to high-intentity weight training and aerobic exercise program . Accordingly , we have conducted a clinical trial of lower extremity strengthening and aerobic training in deconditioned male nursing home residents actually are candidates for a moderate to high-intensity exercise program? Can deconditioned elderly subjects participate in and complete such a program? Will the participates increase their strength and exercise capacity? Do their mobility, gait and balance scores improve? 訳してくださる方お願いします…

英語論文翻訳お願いします。

Results Results of the recruitment process The study group were drawn from a population that consisted of 200 predominantly male subjects residing at the ZVAMC NHCU from October 1989 to October 1990. The recruitment period extended from October 1989 to June 100 and the exercise program was conducted from January to October of 1990. The inclusion and exclusion criteria shown in Table 1 were applied to the study population. Independent ambulation, requiring no supervision with or without an assistive device, was a prerequisite for study consideration. Because of this criterion, 112 of the NHCU residents were excluded from the study. Another 60 residents were omitted because of significant illness, dementia, leg amputation or dependence on an assistive device for ambulation. Of the remaining 28 subjects, 5were excluded because they scored above the predetermined cut off point on the Tinetti mobility assessment scale; it was felt these individuals were too functional to derive significant benefit from the intervention program. Of the 23 remaining subjects, 15 provided informed consent. Because of resource and supervisory limitation only three to four individuals could reasonably participate in the exercise sessions at any one time. Consequently, only 12 of the potential 15 subjects were actually able to participate in the study. Six subjects joined the exercise group and six the control group. After completion of the control protocol, four of the control subjects then participated in and completed the exercise protocol. Of the original subjects in the exercise group two were forced to total of eight subjects in the exercise group protocol. Selected characteristics of the subjects are described in Table 2. No significant differences were noted between the initial profiles of the exercise and control groups, although weight, length of stay and number of major diagnoses demonstrated more variability than age, height and number of scheduled medications. Baseline Testing of the Exercise and Control Subhects Baseline data for the participants who completed the study indicated that their initial scores for strength, work capacity and gait were substantially lower than age-specific nomal values recorded in the literature30 31 33.the participants demonstrated deficiencies of 21% for tinetti mobility skills, 62% for gait velocity and 56% for stride length. The exercise and the control groups were not significantly different with regard to their profile of baseline deficiencies in these functional capacities. タイプミスあったらすみません。 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1466871

英語翻訳お願いします

Due to delayed muscle activity of the lower extremity to which application of weight loading failed during terminal stance peak, the anterior transition force weakens and gait patterns of both lower extremities are affected, leading to asymmetric gait．重さ積載の応用がターミナルのスタンス・ピークの間、失敗した下肢の遅れた筋肉活動のために、力が弱める前方移行と両下肢の足取りパターンは影響を受けます。そして、非対称の足取りに至ります翻訳にかけるとこんなかんじです。すみません。

英語論文の翻訳、長いですがお願いします。

Methods Subjects were recruited from the 200-bed Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ZVAMC) Nursing Home Unit (NHCU) , which has a turnover of ～200 residents per year and serves predominantly elderly men . the protocol was approved by the Human Research and Review College of Wisconsin . potential participants were identified via a memorandum to the NHCU staff that described the inclusion and exclusion criteria listed in Table 1 . Chart reviews , interviews and examinations to determine eligibility for the study . Men without exclusionary characteristics underwent Tinetti mobility testing 29 and a neuromuscular examination . Scores of 30 or less on the Tinetti mobility test and evidence of lower extremity weakness based on the standard muscle strength scoring system 27 qualified subjects for further consideration . These candidates after signing an informed consent were then randomized into either the exercise or the control group . the final eligibility determination was made after participating men demonstrated <80% of age-specific normal lower extremity strength on isokinetic muscle strength testing . よろしくお願いします

英語翻訳お願いします

In gait, kinesiological asymmetry of the left and right lower extremity joints in the sagittal plane increases knee flexion of the paretic side during the stance phase, resulting in excessive hip flexion during the swing phase. 足取りでは、矢状面の左右の下肢関節の運動学的な非対称はスタンス段階の間、麻痺側のひざ屈曲を増やします。そして、揺れ段階の間、過度の腰屈曲に終わります翻訳機にかけるとこんなかんじです… 医学論文の一部なのですが、お願いします。

英語論文翻訳お願いします。

Reliability testing The intrarater correlation coefficient for the Tinetti mobility assessment was 0.92 when 15 randomly selected subjects from the NHCU were tested and retested within72 h. Correlation coefficients of 0.90 and 0.86 were achieved for intrarater isokinetic strength strength and endurance mueasurements when study subjevts underment repeated testing within 48 to 72 h. Statistical analysis P values, based on two-tailed matched-pair tests, were calculated for comparisons between the before and after study period date. P values based on two-tailed, unequal-variance independent sample T tests were calculated for comparisons of the response variables between the exercise and control groups. Significance was assumed to be at the P<0.05 level. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for intrarater and inter-rater reliability for both the Tinetti mobility assessment and for the isokinetic muscle testing. よろしくお願いします。

英語論文翻訳お願いします

The Vo2 max did not rise significantly despite increases in leg strength and muscular endurance. Potential reasons for this lack improvement are the complex interaction of multiple disease processes, inadequate duration or intensity of training or the diminished end organ response to exercise training in the frail elderly. The exercise subjects did on average maintain an adequate heart rate response during aerobic training, achieving 82% of their exercise-tested maximal heart rate 35. The duration of 20 min three times weekly may have been suboptimal, with some authors recommending 30 min of aerobic training three times weekly for elderly individuals 36 37. Twenty minutes is considered to be the minimal time necessary to obtain an aerobic response 38. These results are consistent with the conclusion of vase et al 34. That it is difficult to improve aerobic capacity in mild to moderately impaired and deconditioned nursing home residents. In addition, it must be noted that attainment of an accurate Vo2 max depends heavily on subjective factors such as muscle fatigue, perceived exhaustion, level of motivation and the examiner’s willingness to allow subjects to reach exhaustion. A true Vo2 max may therefore be difficult to obtain in the frail elderly. The leg muscle frequently reach exhaustion before the cardiopulmonary system attains its maximal capacity and a valid Vo2 max is never achieved 36. Clinical mobility scores, as measured by the modified tinetti assessment scale, did improve significantly. Whether the improved Tinetti scores would be associated with improved activities of daily living or a decreased incidence of falls in the treated men remains to be learned. One participant in the exercise program who initially required the assistance of his arms to stand from a chair was able to the program. The two subjects who routinely used a cane or walker for added stability during ambulation continued to do so after completion of the exercise program. Although quantitative gait measurements demonstrated significant improvements in left-sided stride length and velocity with lesser increases in right-side stride length and velocity, other gait characteristics, namely stance time, gait duration and cadence, did not change significantly. Furthermore, balance measurements of total excursion revealed no significant changes with the eyes open or closed. These observations suggest that neurologic impairment may have been a more important cause than muscle weakness in causing the ambulatory difficulty of the subjects studied. On the other hand, exercise of greater intensity or longer duration requires testing before a coutributory role of weakness can be excluded. The finding of insignificant balance changes is consistent with results obtained in prior studies すみません… お願いします。

英語論文の翻訳、長いですがお願いします。

Protocols for the exercise and control groups Men randomized to the exercise group entered a progressive resistance lower extremity weight training and aerobic conditioning program at the ZVAMC Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Center . Weight training was conducted on a multipurpose weight machine (Marcy Gymnasinm Equipment Co . ) and aerobic conditioning was completed on stationary Air Dyne or cycle ergometers (Air Dyne & Ergo Metric Exercisor Models by Schwinn). Weight measurements were determined with a 23-kg load cell (Sensotec 31/143) and appropriate instrumentation (Sensotec HH). Exercise sessions were conducted 3 days a week for 12 wk totaling 36 sessions. Each session lasted between 45 and 75 min depending on the number of participants. All missed sessions were made up at a later date unless continuation was not possible because of medical or personal problems. Heart rates were continuously monitored by telemetry (Transkinetics TEM-4100)during the exercise sessions and estimated average heart rates were recorded during aerobic training. Each exercise session included : (1)a warm up of leisurely cycling for 3-5min , (2) aerobic exercise on either the Air Dyne or cycle ergometer, (3) strength training and (4) a warm down of cycling for 3-5 min. The aerobic exercise was performed for a duration of 20 min at a target heart rate of >70% of the exercise stress-tested maximal heart rate. The strength training was performed on the hip flexors, hip extensors, hip abductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors. The hip muscle groups were exercised in succession with a standard weight and pulley system attached by a Velcro strap to the ankle with the subjects in a standing position. Four maneuvers were required for each extremity, totaling eight different hip exercise. To exercise the knee extensors, the subjects were required to lift the training weight from a sitting position with 90°of knee flexion to full knee extension using both knees simultaneously. The ankle plantar flexors were exercise with the subjects standing, holding the training weight with arms and back straight, and rising from the foot flat position to maximum, defined as the most weight a subject could lift through a full range of motion one time, was determined for each of the muscle groups before the first exercise session. At the first session, the weight load was set at 40 to 60% of the one repetition maximum so tha the subjects could complete 10 repetitions. Sequential load adjustments were made in subsequent sessions to maintain a maximal fatigue level after completion of the 10 repetitions. The subjects rotated to three weight stations performing one set of 10 repetitions for each of the hip muscle groups and two sets of 10 repetitions for both the knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors. The order of weight training exercise varied depending on preference and station availability. Subjects assigned to the control group received usual care within the NHCU during the study period. When indicated , this care included maintenance physical therapy. No dietary limitations were imposed on either group. After completion of the study period, a subset of the control subjects in either group. After completion of the study period, a subset of the control subjects crossed over to the exercise group. Subjects in either group requiring hospitalization secondary to a medical illness were dropped from the study. よろしくお願いします

英語翻訳お願いします

This suggests that in patients with hemiplegia after stroke, muscle activities of the hip and the knee, maintained at appropriate angles, are necessary for weight loading on the lower extremities in order to enhance their gait and balance これは、脳卒中の後の半身不随患者において、腰とひざ（適切な角度に維持される）の筋肉活動が彼らの足取りとバランスを強化するために下肢の上で重さ積載のために必要なことを示唆します翻訳機にかけるとこんなかんじです… 医学論文の一部なのですが、お願いします。

英語論文翻訳お願いします

Discussion The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability, safety and effectiveness of the exercise intervention program for the population of this VA nursing home. The results indicated limited applicability, high acceptability and safety and partial effectiveness. Only～10% of the male residents of the ZVAMC NHCU were found to be candidates for the moderate to high-intensity exercise program employed in this study. Furthermore, only two of three qualified candidates consented to participate. The resulting estimate that only ～8% of the male residents were cadidates for the exercise intervention should, however, be considered a lower limit. Other appropriate candidates may have been excluded during the screening process because of the rigid criteria. The largest number of independent ambulators who were excluded from the study consisted of individuals requiring an assistive device. Of this group many fad suffered a previous stroke or hip fracture resulting in asymmetrical focal deficits. Certainly some of these individuals were physically capable of participating. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease or other early forms of progressive illness, although excluded by the screening criteria, may also have been able to participate in the study and may have benefited from the program. すみませんお願いします http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1466871

英語論文翻訳お願いします。

Exercise stress testing was performed with a 1 or 2 mph Balke protocol. If the subjects could not ambulate on treadmill even at the slowest speed , exercise capacity was assessed with leg cycle ergometry 32. This protocol consisted of 3-min stages, beginning at 150 kpm and increasing 150 kpm/stage. The subjects were instructed to maintain a rate of 50 rpm with the exception of the maximal effort stage. Oeygen consumption (Vo2) was measured during each minute of exercise by open circuit spirometry. Fait and balance measurements were obtained using a modification of the method of Murray et al 33. The measured gait variables included: stride length, velocity, stance time, duration and cadence. Gait measurements were obtained by a videotape motion analysis system. Kinematic(time and distance)measurements of sagittal place movements and kinetic (reaction force )parameters were measured during level walking by using digitized video analysis (Motion Analysis Corp.) and the Kistler force plate, which was mounted in the walkway. Two-dimensional walking patterns were videotaped with normal room light by using two video cameras, one for observational purposes and one for kinematic analysis. Retroreflentive markers were taped to nine standard body landmarks: head, shoulder, tip, iliac crest, second sacral vertebra, knee, ankle, heel and the fifth metatarsal head. A minimum of four gait cycles were videotaped for each subject in each direction with the arms at the side and then crossed, while wearing low-heeled shoes. A gait cycle is the time period from heel strike to heel strike of the same limb as subjects traveled ～20 feet in direction across the walkway. If the subject fatigued while walking, he was allowed to sit and rest. Data ware analyzed on the IBM-AT computer using Expert Vision System software. Kinematic measurements for three representative gait cycles were averaged per side per subject. Under standardized conditions, videotapes of two two-dimensional walking patterns were patterns were obtained with two digital cameras. To identify body landmarks for digital processing of video images, retroreflective markers were taped to the body to identify eight standard landmarks: head, shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, heel, the fifth metatarsal head and a line which bisected the anterior and superior iliac spines. A minimum of four gait cycles were videotaped for each subject in each direction with the arms at the sides and then crossed. The digitized data were averaged for each of the measured gait variables. For postural stability and steadiness testing, the subjects were asked to stand quietly in a comfortable stance near the center of a Kistler force platform, with arms at the side, and look straight ahead at a visual reference for 30 s. Approximately 2nin after the eyes-open trial, the procedure was repeated with eyes closed. The force plate amplifiers were sampled at 100 Hz. The last 20 s of the 30-s trial were analyzed. The x, y and z axial forces platform were used to calculate the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral canter-of-pressure time series. The average distance from the geometric mean center-of-pres-sure and the total excursions of total distance traveled by the center-of pressure were calculated. すみません…お願いします。

論文印刷できません

Effects of Standing on One Leg Exercise on Gait and Balance of Hemiplegia Patients という論文を印刷したいのですが、保護されているようで印刷出来ません。何かいい方法は無いでしょうか。 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpts/24/7/24_571/_pdf

英語翻訳お願いします

This study emphasized hemiplegia patients’ lower extremity function on the paretic side during the stance phase in their rehabilitation exercise and conducted a one-leg standing weight-bearing balance exercise 本研究は片麻痺患者の低い上肢機能麻痺側立脚相のリハビリテーション運動中に強調し、片足立ち荷重バランス演習を実施しました。こんな感じの翻訳であってるでしょうか…

英語の翻訳をお願いします…

Loss of the ability to walk safely is often a primary reason for nursing home placement . the most common causes of such gait and balance disturbances are organic brain syndromes and musculoskeletal disorders . but even in the absence of specific diseases, disturbances in gait and balances may produce disability in up to 13%of older individuals . furthermore, nonspecific changes in gait and balance affect nearly all older individuals and are attributed to the normal aging process .reported changes have included increased postural sway accompanied by decreases in ambulatory velocity , step and stride length , step cadence and swingtime ratio . Impairments in gait and balance lead ton such undesirable consequences as heat of falling, galls with fractures , loss of confidence , loss of independence and lowered quality of life. Within long term care institutions , between 40 and 50% of residents will fall during any given year . musculoskeletal weakness , poor balance and number of prescribed medications have been associated with falling among institutionalized subjects . additionally, isokinetic testing of institutionalized fallers has demonstrated both knee and ankle weakness compared with controls . postural sway has also been found to be higher among those who fall . gait comparison of subjects hospitalized after falls versus controls has demonstrated slow walking speed , short step length , narrow stride width , a wide range of stepping frequency , large variability of step length and increasing variability with increasing step frequency . 毎度です(笑) 翻訳出来る方よろしくお願いします。

英語の論文の中で統計に関する文章がありまして、それのレクチャーをお願いします。

統計関係の英語翻訳について Gait velocity, while less powerful an indicator of gait instability than stride variability [3], is commonly used to characterize dynamic gait kinematics. Descriptive data (mean ± SD) across walking conditions were calculated. Two 2 × 2 mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) having one between-subjects factor (group: younger and older subjects) and one within-subjects factor (condition: normal and dual task walking) were conducted to analyze differences in mean gait velocity and variability in stride velocity (α = 0.05). Post hoc t-tests with the Bonferroni-adjusted α were conducted when necessary to identify the comparisons that were statistically significant. って文章があるのですが、一方でストライドの変動性よりも歩行の不安定性の指標として強力でない歩行速度は、通常、動的な運動学的歩行を特徴付けるために使われる。歩行条件下において記述的なデータ（平均±標準偏差）が計算された被験者間の要因（グループ：若者・高齢の被験者）と被験者内の要因（条件：通常と二重課題歩行）がある２×２の混合モデルの分散分析は歩行速度の平均とストライド速度の変動性の違いの分析へ導く。比較を確認する必要がある時、・・・統計学的に有意があると導かれた。くらいしか訳せなくて、意味があまりつかめておりません。もし分かる方おりましたら教えて下さい。

英語翻訳お願いします…

(1)lower extremity weakness by manual testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups scoring < 5 based on the grades established by kendall and McCreary. (2)isokinetic quadricep and hamstring muscle strength < 80 % of age predicted normal values. (3)Moderate to severe dementia which prohibits subject from following directions based on a folstein mini mental status score<20 (4)motor neuropathy すみませんお願いします。

高齢者男性老人ホームの入居者の歩行とバランス改善のための臨床試験

英語論文の翻訳おねがいします

質問者が選んだベストアンサー

お礼 2013/05/06 21:58

関連するQ&A

英語論文翻訳お願いします

英語論文翻訳お願いします

英語論文翻訳お願いします

日本史の転換点？：赤穂浪士、池田屋事件、禁門の変に見る武士の忠義と正義

英語論文翻訳お願いします

英文訳お願いします

英語論文翻訳お願いします。

英語翻訳お願いします

英語論文の翻訳、長いですがお願いします。

英語翻訳お願いします

英語論文翻訳お願いします。

英語論文翻訳お願いします

英語論文の翻訳、長いですがお願いします。

英語翻訳お願いします

英語論文翻訳お願いします

英語論文翻訳お願いします。

論文印刷できません

英語翻訳お願いします

英語の翻訳をお願いします…

英語の論文の中で統計に関する文章がありまして、それのレクチャーをお願いします。

英語翻訳お願いします…

注目のQ&A

カテゴリ

あなたにピッタリな商品が見つかる！ OKWAVE セレクト

専門家に質問してみよう