有機ＥＬに関する論文 -有機ＥＬに関する論文を読んでいるのですが、いくつか-

有機ＥＬに関する論文

有機ＥＬに関する論文を読んでいるのですがわからないところがあり困っています。少し前にも同じ質問をしたのですが、どこがわからないか考えてまた書き込みました。あつかましいですが、手助けしてくださると助かります。よろしくお願いします。いくつかのアントラセン誘導体を用いたEL素子の特性の違いを見ています。用いた分子・[9,10-bis(1-dodecylthio)anthracene(ADS), 9,10-bis(1-propylthio)anthracene (APrS), 9,10-bis(phenylthio)anthracene (APS), and 9,10-bis(2-naphthylthio)anthracene(ANS)] and an ether, [9,10-bis(1-dodecyloxy)anthracene (ADO)] ・The bathochromic shift (5 nm) of the sulfide derivative ADS in comparison to that of the ether derivative ADO indicated that the decrease in the HOMO–LUMO band gap was due to an electron delocalization effect from the heavier chalcogen atom. Ｓからの非局在化によってなぜバンドギャップが減少するのでしょうか。Ｏの場合との違いはどこから生まれるのでしょうか。また、深色シフトとそれがどういう関係があるのでしょうか。・In contrast, the aryl substituents, both phenyl (of APS) and naphthyl (of ANS), caused a red shift, possibly due to the participation of the conjugated system between the aryl substituents and the anthracene ring. 共役と赤方偏移にはどういう関係があるのでしょうか。具体的になぜ共役の影響で赤方偏移が起こるのでしょうか。・The lower fluorescence quantum yields of the other anthracene sulfide derivatives might be attributed to quenching from the sulfide substituents, that is, the sulfur lone pair of electrons participated in the photo-induced electron transfer to the excited state of the anthracene 硫黄のローンペアが、アントラセンの消光にどのように関係しているのでしょうか。なぜ酸素の場合と違いがあるのでしょうか。・Due to the low melting temperatures and potentially close p-stack solid state packing of ADO, ADS, and APrS, poly(Nvinylcarbazole)(PVK) was used as a host material matrix in all the electroluminescence (EL) devices to improve the film-forming properties in the emitting layer, which was fabricated by a spin coating process. Due to が修飾している文の内容の意味がよくわかりません。

有機ＥＬの論文を読んでいるんですが、わからないところがあり困っています

有機ＥＬの論文を読んでいるんですが、わからないところがあり困っています。全体としては、ITOとホール輸送層の間にMoO3 をいれると、発光効率などが上がるという話です。わかる範囲でいいので、どうか手助けお願いします。・Assuming the scalable law of Coulombic degradation for driving at 100cd/m2 , the half-life is projected to be over 50000h. 「クーロン劣化のスケール則に従うと仮定すれば、輝度が 100 cd/m^2 のときの輝度半減期は 5万時間以上になると予想される。」と訳してみたのですが、クーロン劣化のスケール則とは何なのでしょうか？それとも訳を間違えているのでしょうか？・It is generally easier to induce the crystallization of hole transport layer by the introduction of an improper buffer layer due to Joule heat during device operation. 「ＥＬ素子作動中のジュール熱のため、簡単にホール輸送層の結晶化を引き起こしてしまう」というような意味だと思うのですが、なぜジュール熱によって結晶化が起こるのかよくわかりません。・We found that the introduction of the MoO3 buffer layer improved the interface stability and avoid the crystallization of hole transporting layer NPB. この文章のように、interface stability (界面の安定性？) というのがよくでてくるのですが、これはどういう意味なのでしょうか？

有機ＥＬの論文を読んでいるんですが、わからないところがあり困っています

有機ＥＬの論文を読んでいるんですが、わからないところがあり困っています。全体としては、ITOとホール輸送層の間にMoO3 をいれると、発光効率などが上がるという話です。わかる範囲でいいので、どうか手助けお願いします。・Assuming the scalable law of Coulombic degradation for driving at 100cd/m2 , the half-life is projected to be over 50000h. 「クーロン劣化のスケール則に従うと仮定すれば、輝度が 100 cd/m^2 のときの輝度半減期は 5万時間以上になると予想される。」と訳してみたのですが、クーロン劣化のスケール則とは何なのでしょうか？それとも訳を間違えているのでしょうか？・It is generally easier to induce the crystallization of hole transport layer by the introduction of an improper buffer layer due to Joule heat during device operation. 「ＥＬ素子作動中のジュール熱のため、簡単にホール輸送層の結晶化を引き起こしてしまう」というような意味だと思うのですが、なぜジュール熱によって結晶化が起こるのかよくわかりません。・We found that the introduction of the MoO3 buffer layer improved the interface stability and avoid the crystallization of hole transporting layer NPB. この文章のように、interface stability (界面の安定性？) というのがよくでてくるのですが、これはどういう意味なのでしょうか？

"医学論文訳"

"医学論文訳" It is thought to increase sensitivity to the motivational effects of cocaine and associated environmental stimuli, culminating in a loss of control over intake. However, recent findings support a more nuanced view in which cocaine also triggers adaptations in brain reward systems that decrease responsiveness to the drug.

論文を翻訳して頂きたいです。

下の英文が訳せませず困っています。自分でも訳してみたのですが、さっぱりわからなくて・・・。どなたか、英語の得意な方に訳して頂きたいです。よろしくお願い致します。 One strategy for efficacious chemoprevention and chemotherapy would be to find chemicals that reduce the risk of cancer through various mechanisms, such a?s preventing mutational events, induction of differentiation in transformed cells, and inhibition of oxidative stress.

”医学論文訳”（暇な人）

”医学論文訳”（暇な人） Armed with these genotype- and region-specific deficits in neuron morphology and electrophysiological activity, we set out to test whether prolonged administration of P7C3 might repair either or both deficits in npas3/ mice. We first verified that P7C3 was capable of enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis in npas3/ mice (Figure S3B). Knowing that formation of the dentate gyrus initiates in the mouse embryo around embryonic day 14 (Stanfield and Cowan, 1988), we sought to expose animals to P7C3 for as extended a period of time as possible in order to give the compound the best possible chance for success. After oral gavage of pregnant female mice, day 14 embryos were recovered, dissected, and processed by acetonitrile: water extraction so that P7C3 levels could be measured in the embryonic brain. Daily administration of 20 mg/kg of P7C3 to pregnant females yielded appreciable levels of the compound in the brain tissue of developing embryos. It was similarly observed that oral administration of the compound to lactating females led to delivery of P7C3 to the brain tissue of weanling pups. In both cases, LC-MS-based quantitation of P7C3 revealed levels of compound accumulation at or above the 1.35 mMlimit required to support adult neurogenesis (Figure 1C). Finally, it was observed that daily IP administration of P7C3 to weaned pups at 20 mg/kg yielded brain levels of P7C3 at or above the level required to enhance adult neurogenesis.

英語論文についてです。

今、英語の論文を読んでいるのですが、訳せないところがあります。 As illustrated in Fig. 3C, site directed mutagenesis of either site 1 (S1) or site 2 (S2) resulted in a moderate but significant (P<0.0001) decrease in the expression of sseL::lacZ. Additionally, an sseL manipulated promoter containing both mutations (S1+S2) demonstrated accumulative reduction in the expression of sseL::lacZ by more than 2-fold (P<0.0001), indicating that the S1 and S2 sites are required for optimal expression of sseL, possibly due to their role as PhoP binding sites. To further examine this idea and to rule out the possibility that these positions are used as SsrB binding sites, we analyzed the expression of an altered sseL promoter harboring both mutations in a phoP ssrB background complemented with PhoP or SsrB, provided in trans. In the presence of SsrB, this mutated promoter was readily able to induce sseL::lacZ expression, suggesting that SsrB does not bind to these sites. In contrast, providing PhoP in trans did not induce sseL::lacZ expression from the modified promoter (Fig. 3D), supporting the function of S1 and S2 loci as potential PhoP binding sites. 少し長いですが、どなたか訳せる方、よろしくお願いします。私事ながら時間がないのです！！助けてください！！

医学論文訳

医学論文訳「Our findings indicate that striatal miR-212 signalling has a key role in determining vulnerability to cocaine addiction, reveal new molecular regulators that control the complex actions of cocaine in brain reward circuitries and provide an entirely new direction for the development of anti-addiction therapeutics based on the modulation of noncoding RNAs.」・・難しい・・です・・・。

日本語のセンスのある方和訳をお願いします

My tardiness in answering your letter was not due to press of business. Do not listen to that sort of excuse; I am at liberty, and so is anyone else who wishes to be at liberty. No man is at the mercy of affairs. He gets entangled in them of his own accord, and then flatters himself that being busy is a proof of happiness.

英語論文の添削をお願いしたいのですが・・・

以下の文がアカデミックライティングに即して正しいかどなたか添削してください。つたない英文すみません。　The past sports labor migration studies put the cases of international movements of the athletes of various sports aiming at wealth like salaries or scholarships (Bale and Maguire ed., 1994). Expansion of sports from the advanced countries as “core” to the developing countries as “periphery” related to capital and the movement of athletes to the opposite direction comes to the surface here (Magee and Sugden, 2002). In this context, the key factor of sport labor migration often assumed to be the economical one (Maguire and Stead, 1998; Chiba, 2004). 　In the Migration Studies, however, it is already said that it isn’t enough understanding that international movements of labors arise from simple factor such as acquisition of wealth. The reasons of international flow of people are mixed factors which economic, historic and cultural ties and transformations of social structures of both sending countries and accepting countries were cross-wired (Sassen,1988; Castles and Miller,1993). Sport Labor Migration is transforming its figure in accelerated progress of globalization. The past studies of sport labor migration about soccer (Maguire and Pearton, 2000), rugby football (Chiba and Jackson, 2006) or baseball (Takahashi and Horne, 2006) points out their various factors. Maguire (1996) analyzes movement of ice hockey players and categorizes the sport labor migration into four types; “Pioneers” whose main purpose is the mission of the sport, “Mercenaries” who assume to get money, “Settlers” who settle down in the destination country after retirement, “Nomadic Cosmopolitans” who cross the border with their sport skills, and “Returnees” who identifies their born places as the results of their movements.

論文のabstractの訳

とある論文なのですが、初めのabstract(要約)の訳だけでいいのでお願いします Performing micromanipulation and delicate operations in submillimeter workspaces is difficult because of destabilizing tremor and imprecise targeting. Accurate micromanipulation is especially important for microsurgical procedures, such as vitreoretinal surgery, to maximize successful outcomes and minimize collateral damage. Robotic aid combined with filtering techniques that suppress tremor frequency bands increases performance; however, if knowledge of the operator's goals is available, virtual fixtures have been shown to further improve performance. In this paper, we derive a virtual fixture framework for active handheld micromanipulators that is based on high-bandwidth position measurements rather than forces applied to a robot handle. For applicability in surgical environments, the fixtures are generated in real-time from microscope video during the procedure. Additionally, we develop motion scaling behavior around virtual fixtures as a simple and direct extension to the proposed framework. We demonstrate that virtual fixtures significantly outperform tremor cancellation algorithms on a set of synthetic tracing tasks (p < 0.05). In more medically relevant experiments of vein tracing and membrane peeling in eye phantoms, virtual fixtures can significantly reduce both positioning error and forces applied to tissue (p < 0.05).

論文の翻訳

英語の論文の翻訳がうまくできません。翻訳をお願いしたいです。よろしくお願いします。 Suppose that a metal specimen be placed in tension-compression-testing machine. As the axial load is gradually increased in increments, the total elongation over the gauge length is measured at each increment of the load and this is continued until failure of the specimen takes place. Knowing the original cross-sectional area and length of the specimen, the normal stress and the strain can be obtained. The graph of these quantities with the stress along the y-axis and the strain along the x-axis is called the stress-strain diagram. The stress-strain diagram differs in form for various materials. The diagram shown below is that for a medium-carbon structural steel. Metallic engineering materials are classified as either ductile or brittle materials. A ductile material is one having relatively large tensile strains up to the point of rupture like structural steel and aluminum, whereas brittle materials has a relatively small strain up to the point of rupture like cast iron and concrete. An arbitrary strain of 0.05 mm/mm is frequently taken as the dividing line between these two classes. Stress-strain diagram of a medium-carbon structural steel Proportional Limit (Hooke's Law) From the origin O to the point called proportional limit, the stress-strain curve is a straight line. This linear relation between elongation and the axial force causing was first noticed by Sir Robert Hooke in 1678 and is called Hooke's Law that within the proportional limit, the stress is directly proportional to strain or The constant of proportionality is called the Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus and is equal to the slope of the stress-strain diagram from O to P. Then

英語論文の添削をお願いしたいのですが２

先ほどの続きです。英文の書き方のコツなども合わせてご指摘くださるとありがたいです。 Based this categorizing, Chiba and Ebihara (1999) insist that international movement of athletes need to be analyzed from two aspects; short-term transfer and naturalization in destination countries and re-categorized the former to ten types and the latter to five types. Magee and Sugden (2002) revise Maguire’s categorizing to propose “Ambitonist”, “Exile” and “Expelled” instead of “Pioneers” and “Returnees” from the analyses of international movement of soccer players. And Agergaard (2008) represents billionaire top players who move from the world highest level European soccer leagues to the lower level North American professional soccer league like David Beckham as “Celebrity Superstar” and assert salary isn’t the only factor to migrate for top athletes.

これらの文がうまく訳せなくて困っています。

これらの文がうまく訳せなくて困っています。助けてください。よろしくお願いします。 The anti-nuclear movement finally failed due to the majority in the Bundestag that were in favour of the nuclear arming of the Bundeswehr, as well as due to the absolute determination of the NATO states to implement the agreements made within the Atlantic alliance and to Adenauer’s inflexible will as leader. The activities by the DGB and the SPD in the campaign against atomic death decreased. The federal government then decided in October 1958 to acquire the most up-to-date fighter bomber, the Starfighter F 104 G, which was equipped with atom bombs and was able to fly deep into Soviet Russian territory.

take a pen to

My husband, a bright, sensitive, and creative sort, and I often travel together. One of his pastimes is to take a pen to the ads in the in-flight magazine. take a pen toはどのような意味でしょうか？よろしくお願いします

英文和訳（科学論文）の添削をお願いします．その11

QNo.6788591（2011-06-05）の続きです．英国の子供が書いた論文を訳しました．読破して，小さな著者に手紙を出したいと思っています．どなたか添削してください．宜しくお願いします． (c) Test 3 (the second experiment)　 In the third test, instead of having large squares of yellow and blue around the outside of each panel, and a smaller square of yellow and blue on the inside of each panel, we took the four inside flowers and put them in the corners of each panel.　See figure 3a for a hand drawing of what this test looked like. We did this because we wanted to see if the bees solved test 1 by learning during training to go to the colours of each panel that were fewest in number. We could also see if they still preferred to go only to the middle　flowers. If the bees had learned to go to flowers that were fewest in each panel, then they should go to the flowers in the corners.The table in figure 3b shows where all five bees went during the test. You can see that the bees as a group went to the corner flowers 59 times, and to the ‘notcorners’ 86 times (see ‘total’ in figure 3b). So, out of 145 attempted forages, 40.1 per cent were to the corners. This is very different from what they did in test 1. When the same flowers were not in the corners but in the middle as in test 1, they selected them 90.6 per cent of the time, which is 2.2 times more often. We think that the bees in test 3 selected the flowers randomly, and conclude that the bees did not learn to go to the flowers that had the fewest colours in each panel. Also, this time, the B and B/Obees did not prefer the middle flowers in each panel. Thismeans that in test 2 theymust have used the larger square of blue and yellowflowers to decide to forage from the middle green flowers. (c)テスト３（二番目の実験）３番目のテストでは、各パネルの外側の周りの黄色および青色の大きな方陣また各パネルの内側の黄色および青の小さな方陣ではなく、私達は４つの内側の花を採用し、各パネルの角にそれを置いた。（←図３をみるとそうは見えないので，誤訳？）　このテストがどんな様子だったか、図３ａの手描きを参照．　私達は１のテストをハチ達が解いたかどうか知るために、それが、数において最も少ない（数）で各パネルの色へ行くことを、トレーニング期間を通した学習によりこれを行なった。→ハチ達は最小の回数で各パネルの“色”へ行くことを，トレーニング期間中に学習し，１のテストを解いたかどうか知るためにこれを（テスト）を行った．私達はまた、相変わらず、彼女等（ハチ達）がもっぱら、中央の花へ行くことが好きかどうかも分かるだろう。ハチ達が、各パネルについて最小回数で花に行くことを学習したならば、彼女達が角の花に行かなくてはならない。図３ｂの表は５匹のハチ達がグループとして“角の花”に５９回，“角以外の花”に８６回行ったことを示す（図３ｂの合計参照）。このように、１４５回（試みられた食糧探し）の40.1％が角へだった。これは彼女（ハチ達）がテスト１で行なったこととは大きく異なる。ここでは、このテストにおいて，“中央の花”はテスト１と同じであるが，“角の花”は異なった．また，ハチ達は，回数で90.6％えらんだが，それは通常の２倍だった。私達はテスト３で、ハチ達が手当たり次第に選んだと考えた。しかし、蜂たちは各パネルの最も少ない色の花へ行くことを学習しなかった．また，このときB（青）とＢ／Ｏ（青とオレンジ）に色を付けたハチは，各パネルの“中央の花”を選ばなかった．これはテスト２において，ハチ達は食糧を調達することを判断するために青と黄色の大きな方陣を使わなければならなかった．

教えてください

She covered him with fales hear and an old hat, and in that hat she stuck the feather of a bird. 上の文章で、and in that hat she stuck ...のin that hatは強調するために前に持ってきたと考えていいでしょうか？本来は、and she stuck the feather of a bird in that hat.となるんでしょうか？それから、in that hat の in がよく分からないんですが、on や to ではなく、なぜ in なんでしょうか？よろしくお願いします。

英語論文翻訳お願いします

The Vo2 max did not rise significantly despite increases in leg strength and muscular endurance. Potential reasons for this lack improvement are the complex interaction of multiple disease processes, inadequate duration or intensity of training or the diminished end organ response to exercise training in the frail elderly. The exercise subjects did on average maintain an adequate heart rate response during aerobic training, achieving 82% of their exercise-tested maximal heart rate 35. The duration of 20 min three times weekly may have been suboptimal, with some authors recommending 30 min of aerobic training three times weekly for elderly individuals 36 37. Twenty minutes is considered to be the minimal time necessary to obtain an aerobic response 38. These results are consistent with the conclusion of vase et al 34. That it is difficult to improve aerobic capacity in mild to moderately impaired and deconditioned nursing home residents. In addition, it must be noted that attainment of an accurate Vo2 max depends heavily on subjective factors such as muscle fatigue, perceived exhaustion, level of motivation and the examiner’s willingness to allow subjects to reach exhaustion. A true Vo2 max may therefore be difficult to obtain in the frail elderly. The leg muscle frequently reach exhaustion before the cardiopulmonary system attains its maximal capacity and a valid Vo2 max is never achieved 36. Clinical mobility scores, as measured by the modified tinetti assessment scale, did improve significantly. Whether the improved Tinetti scores would be associated with improved activities of daily living or a decreased incidence of falls in the treated men remains to be learned. One participant in the exercise program who initially required the assistance of his arms to stand from a chair was able to the program. The two subjects who routinely used a cane or walker for added stability during ambulation continued to do so after completion of the exercise program. Although quantitative gait measurements demonstrated significant improvements in left-sided stride length and velocity with lesser increases in right-side stride length and velocity, other gait characteristics, namely stance time, gait duration and cadence, did not change significantly. Furthermore, balance measurements of total excursion revealed no significant changes with the eyes open or closed. These observations suggest that neurologic impairment may have been a more important cause than muscle weakness in causing the ambulatory difficulty of the subjects studied. On the other hand, exercise of greater intensity or longer duration requires testing before a coutributory role of weakness can be excluded. The finding of insignificant balance changes is consistent with results obtained in prior studies すみません… お願いします。

次の英語が論文として正しいか添削してください。

Eight players moved to other professional leagues from the IBL after 2007 season. The two of these players who challenged the MLB's minor league spring training couldn't make proper contracts with the MLB teams. However, J・D, who had been released from the MLB’s minor league spring traning, contracted to independent continental league team and spent whole season for that team in 2008 season. Another three players had contracted to the MLB as minor league players. However, one of them was released before the opening of regular season. Five players contracted to other professional baseball teams and had played to end at 2008 season. Three Dominicans played for organized minor league team, Mexican professional team and Japanese professional team each. And three Americans, include J・D, contracted to North American independent league teams. One example of “prospect type” is indicated below. Maximo Nelson is Dominican pitcher. He contracted to New York Yankees in 2000 when he was 18 years old and started his professional carrier at baseball academy in domestic. He had played in rookie class Dominican Summer League from 2001 to 2003 then moved to U.S. At this time, his monthly salary of 700 U.S.$ month in the Dominican Republic has doubled. He compiled a good record of 6-5 with an ERA of 2.63 in 12 games with rookie class Gulf Coast Yankees in 2004 season. He was expected further promotion in next season, however, his baseball carrier was dropped to abyss due to a certain scandal.

和訳が分かりません

以下は長い文章の前半部分です。In afterはどういう意味でしょうか。よろしく In after due hearing the court finds that the award of the contract is null and void, the court may-------------------------------

有機ＥＬに関する論文

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有機ＥＬに関する論文

有機ＥＬの論文を読んでいるんですが、わからないところがあり困っています

有機ＥＬの論文を読んでいるんですが、わからないところがあり困っています

日本史の転換点？：赤穂浪士、池田屋事件、禁門の変に見る武士の忠義と正義

"医学論文訳"

論文を翻訳して頂きたいです。

”医学論文訳”（暇な人）

英語論文についてです。

医学論文訳

日本語のセンスのある方和訳をお願いします

英語論文の添削をお願いしたいのですが・・・

論文のabstractの訳

論文の翻訳

英語論文の添削をお願いしたいのですが２

これらの文がうまく訳せなくて困っています。

take a pen to

英文和訳（科学論文）の添削をお願いします．その11

教えてください

英語論文翻訳お願いします

次の英語が論文として正しいか添削してください。

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