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In New Zealand there has been considerable discussion about whether a Maori dialect of English exists.Many people assert firmly that there is such a variety,but there is little evidence so far of linguistic features which occur only in the speech of Maori people.The alternation between [d] and [ð] at the beginning of words like the and then,which is indicated in example 7,for instance,is by no means confined to the speech of Maori people.Greeting like kia ora,and vocabulary items like tangi('funeral') ,illustrated in example 2,are used by Pakeha(New Zealanders of European origin)as well as Maori in New Zealand.However,in general,Maori people use Maori words more frequently in their speech than Pakeha people do.The word kuia in example 7 illustrates this.Kuia is a Maori word meaning 'old woman',which is widely known in New Zealand.Nevertheless,its occurrence in the child's story suggests the speaker is more likely to be Maori than Pakeha.
There are also grammatical features which occur more frequently in Maori people's speech.In a study of 8-year- old children's speech,vernacular verb forms(such as walk for walked)occurred more often in the speech of the Maori children than the Pakeha.There were also some distinctive uses of verbs,such as went and,which seemed to be used as a narrative past tense marker by the Maori children,as illustrated in example 7.A comparison of the speech of a small group of New Zealand women also found that the Maori women were more likely to use vernacular past tense forms of some verbs,as illustrated in sentences (a) and (b) in example 8.Moreover,Maori women were more likely than Pakeha to use present tense forms with s as in (c) and (d),and much more likely to omit have,as in (e) and (f).
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