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質問

They began to land on 2 September at Lungkow, which was experiencing heavy floods at the time and later at Lau Schan Bay on 18 September, about 29 km (18 mi) east of Tsingtao. China protested against the Japanese violation of her neutrality but did not interfere in the operations.

British troops arriving at Tsingtao in 1914
The British Government and the other European great powers were concerned about Japanese intentions in the region and decided to send a small symbolic British contingent from Tientsin in an effort to allay their fears. The 1,500-man contingent was commanded by Brigadier-General Nathaniel Walter Barnardiston and consisted of 1,000 soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, The South Wales Borderers; later followed by 500 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs. Following a friendly fire incident, British troops were given Japanese raincoats to wear so they would be more easily identifiable to the Japanese.
The Germans responded to the threat against Tsingtao by concentrating all of their available East Asian troops in the city. Kaiser Wilhelm II made the defense of Tsingtao a top priority, saying that "... it would shame me more to surrender Tsingtao to the Japanese than Berlin to the Russians". The German garrison, commanded by naval Captain and Governor Alfred Meyer-Waldeck, consisted of the marines of III Seebataillon, naval personnel, Chinese colonial troops and Austro-Hungarian sailors, for a total strength of 3,625 men. He also had a modest complement of vessels, including the torpedo boat S-90; four small gunboats: the Iltis, Jaguar, Tiger, and Luchs; and the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser Kaiserin Elisabeth, whose crew was initially divided in two: half to man the ship, and half to fight with the German land forces.
On 22 August HMS Kennet of the China squadron, under the command of Lieutenant Commander F. A. Russell, while routinely monitoring the naval trade routes, encountered and was damaged in action by the German torpedo boat SMS S90, the German gunboat SMS Lauting and a 4-inch shore battery off Tsingtao. She was hit twice from the retreating S90. As the Japanese approached their positions, Meyer-Waldeck withdrew his forces from the two outer defensive lines and concentrated his troops on the innermost line of defense along the hills closest to the town. The Austro-Hungarian cruiser, SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth, was stationed in Tsingtao at the start of the war.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞They began to land on 2 September at Lungkow, which was experiencing heavy floods at the time and later at Lau Schan Bay on 18 September, about 29 km (18 mi) east of Tsingtao. China protested against the Japanese violation of her neutrality but did not interfere in the operations.
⇒彼ら（日本軍）は9月2日にルンコウ（龍口）に上陸し始めた。そこは、青島から東へ約29キロ（18マイル）のラウシャン（許留山）湾で、当時とその後の9月18日に大洪水を経験したところであった。中国は、日本の中立性違反に抗議したが、作戦には干渉しなかった。

＞British troops arriving at Tsingtao in 1914
　The British Government and the other European great powers were concerned about Japanese intentions in the region and decided to send a small symbolic British contingent from Tientsin in an effort to allay their fears. The 1,500-man contingent was commanded by Brigadier-General Nathaniel Walter Barnardiston and consisted of 1,000 soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, The South Wales Borderers; later followed by 500 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs. Following a friendly fire incident, British troops were given Japanese raincoats to wear so they would be more easily identifiable to the Japanese.
⇒□1914年に青島に到着した英国軍
　英国政府と他のヨーロッパ列強は、この地域における日本の意図を懸念して、その恐怖感を和らげるためにチェンツィン（天津）から英国軍の象徴的な小規模分遣隊を送ることに決めた。この1500人の部隊は、准将ナサニエル・ウォルター・バーナディストンの指揮する第2大隊、サウスウェールズ国境隊の1,000人の兵士から成っていた。後に第36シーク教徒の500人の兵士が続いた。味方からの砲火事件の後、英国軍は日本（兵用）のレインコートを着用するように与えられたので、彼らはより容易に日本人に識別できるようになった。

＞The Germans responded to the threat against Tsingtao by concentrating all of their available East Asian troops in the city. Kaiser Wilhelm II made the defense of Tsingtao a top priority, saying that "... it would shame me more to surrender Tsingtao to the Japanese than Berlin to the Russians". The German garrison, commanded by naval Captain and Governor Alfred Meyer-Waldeck, consisted of the marines of III Seebataillon, naval personnel, Chinese colonial troops and Austro-Hungarian sailors, for a total strength of 3,625 men. He also had a modest complement of vessels, including the torpedo boat S-90; four small gunboats: the Iltis, Jaguar, Tiger, and Luchs; and the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser Kaiserin Elisabeth, whose crew was initially divided in two: half to man the ship, and half to fight with the German land forces.
⇒ドイツ軍は、青島に対する脅威に対応して彼らの利用可能なすべての東アジア軍を市内に集中させた。皇帝ヴィルヘルムII世は「…私にとって、青島が日本に降伏させられるのは、ベルリンをロシア軍に降伏させられるより不名誉となる」と言って、青島の防衛を最優先事項とした。海軍大尉と知事アルフレッド・マイヤー‐ヴァルデックが指揮するドイツ軍守備隊は、第III海兵隊員、海軍要員、中国植民地軍、およびオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍水兵の総計3,625名の兵士から構成されていた。守備隊はまた、魚雷艇S-90号を含み、相応の補助艦船イルチス号、ヤーグワ号、ティーガー号、ルクス号という4隻の小型砲艦を保有していた。乗組員は当初2組に分かれていたが、それは半分が艦船を操縦するためで、もう半分はドイツ陸軍と協力して戦うためであった。

＞On 22 August HMS Kennet of the China squadron, under the command of Lieutenant Commander F. A. Russell, while routinely monitoring the naval trade routes, encountered and was damaged in action by the German torpedo boat SMS S90, the German gunboat SMS Lauting and a 4-inch shore battery off Tsingtao. She was hit twice from the retreating S90. As the Japanese approached their positions, Meyer-Waldeck withdrew his forces from the two outer defensive lines and concentrated his troops on the innermost line of defense along the hills closest to the town. The Austro-Hungarian cruiser, SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth, was stationed in Tsingtao at the start of the war.
⇒8月22日、（英国軍）中国戦隊のHMSケネット号は、F.A.ラッセル中尉の指揮下で海上交易路を定期監視していたが、その間に青島沖でドイツ軍の魚雷艇SMS S90号、同じくドイツ軍の砲艦SMSラウチング号、および4インチ砲海浜砲撃隊らと遭遇し、戦闘行動で損傷を受けた。ケネット号は、後退するS90号からの砲撃を2度被弾した。日本軍がその海域陣内に近づくと、マイヤー‐ヴァルデックは2つの外側防衛戦線から部隊を撤退させ、一番町に近い丘に沿った最も内側の防衛線に部隊を集結させた。オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の巡洋艦、SMS皇女エリザベス号が、戦争の開始時に青島に駐留していた。

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