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質問

On 2 December, he ordered his forces to attack the Austro-Hungarians all along the front and informed his officers that the offensive was to have the specific purpose of improving Serbian morale. Determined to play his part, the aging Serbian king, Peter I, took a rifle and accompanied his troops to the front. The Serbian offensive caught the Austro-Hungarians by surprise, and at the time that the attack was launched they were holding a large military parade through the streets of Belgrade. The Austro-Hungarians now found themselves defending along an over-extended front as Potiorek had just begun strengthening his left flank, leaving the front line very lightly held. Potiorek knew that he could avoid a serious reversal on the battlefield by preventing the Serbian 1st Army from reaching the watershed of the Kolubara and Morava rivers, but the Serbs were confident. They discovered that the Austro-Hungarians had failed to adequately prepare for a Serbian counterattack, as their artillery was positioned well behind the front line. This meant that the Austro-Hungarian defenders would be unable to use their heavy guns to break up any Serbian advance. Rested and resupplied, the Serbs pushed forward towards Belgrade. By the night of 2 December, the Serbian 1st Army pushed several kilometres past Austro-Hungarian lines, taking a large number of prisoners and inflicting heavy casualties on the Austro-Hungarians. The 2nd and 3rd armies captured a number of important positions on high ground, while the Užice Army met fierce resistance but was ultimately able to push the Austro-Hungarians back.
The offensive's initial success served to greatly enhance the morale of Serbian troops, just as Putnik had wanted. Significantly weakened, the Austro-Hungarians did not have time to recover before the offensive resumed the following morning and they were forced into retreat by the end of the day. On 6 December, the British ambassador to Serbia informed the British Government that the Serb offensive was "progressing brilliantly". That day, the Serbian Army had broken the Austro-Hungarians at their centre and on their right flank. Outmanoeuvred, the Austro-Hungarians were forced into a full retreat, abandoning their weapons and equipment as they went. Meanwhile, the Austro-Hungarians attempted to consolidate control around Belgrade. On 7 December, they attacked the right flank of the Serbian Army in the city's outskirts.
On 8 December, the Austro-Hungarians fell back against Užice and Valjevo. The Serbs anticipated that their opponents would entrench themselves and attempt to block the Serbian Army's advance, but the Austro-Hungarians had failed to construct any defensive networks and, as such, were in no position to block the Serbian offensive.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞On 2 December, he ordered his forces to attack the Austro-Hungarians all along the front and informed his officers that the offensive was to have the specific purpose of improving Serbian morale. Determined to play his part, the aging Serbian king, Peter I, took a rifle and accompanied his troops to the front. The Serbian offensive caught the Austro-Hungarians by surprise, and at the time that the attack was launched they were holding a large military parade through the streets of Belgrade. The Austro-Hungarians now found themselves defending along an over-extended front as Potiorek had just begun strengthening his left flank, leaving the front line very lightly held. Potiorek knew that he could avoid a serious reversal on the battlefield by preventing the Serbian 1st Army from reaching the watershed of the Kolubara and Morava rivers, but the Serbs were confident.
⇒12月2日、彼はその軍団に全ての前線沿いでオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍を攻撃するよう命令し、その攻撃はセルビア軍の士気を向上させるという特定の目的があることを将校らに伝えた。齢を重ねたセルビア王ピーターI世は、自分なりの役割を果たすことを決意してライフル銃を手に彼の軍隊を伴って前線へ赴いた。セルビア軍の攻勢は、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍を驚かせた。攻撃開始の時点で、彼らはベオグラードの通りで大規模な軍事パレードを行っていた。ポチョレクが左側面を強化し始めた頃、その前線が非常に手薄状態だったのでオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は今や拡大し過ぎた前線（全体）に沿って軽微な防御をしていることがわかった。ポチョレクは、セルビア第1方面軍がコルバラ川とモラヴァ川の流域に到達するのを防ぐことで、戦場での深刻な逆転を回避できることを知っていたが、セルビア軍も自信を持っていた。

＞They discovered that the Austro-Hungarians had failed to adequately prepare for a Serbian counterattack, as their artillery was positioned well behind the front line. This meant that the Austro-Hungarian defenders would be unable to use their heavy guns to break up any Serbian advance. Rested and resupplied, the Serbs pushed forward towards Belgrade. By the night of 2 December, the Serbian 1st Army pushed several kilometres past Austro-Hungarian lines, taking a large number of prisoners and inflicting heavy casualties on the Austro-Hungarians. The 2nd and 3rd armies captured a number of important positions on high ground, while the Užice Army met fierce resistance but was ultimately able to push the Austro-Hungarians back.
⇒彼らは、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍が適切なセルビア軍への反撃を準備するのに失敗したことを発見した。それというのも、彼らの砲兵隊が前線のかなり後ろに陣取っていたからであった。これは、セルビア軍の進軍を中断させるためにオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の守備隊は重砲を使うことができないことを意味した。セルビア軍は休息して補給を受け、ベオグラードに向かって押し進んだ。12月2日の夜までにセルビア第1方面軍は、オーストリア‐ハンガリー戦線を数キロ越え、多数の囚人を捕縛して、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍に重篤な死傷を負わせた。第2方面軍と第3方面軍が高地で多くの重要な陣地を攻略する一方、ウヂチェ軍は激しい抵抗に会ったが、最終的にオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍を押し戻すことができた。

＞The offensive's initial success served to greatly enhance the morale of Serbian troops, just as Putnik had wanted. Significantly weakened, the Austro-Hungarians did not have time to recover before the offensive resumed the following morning and they were forced into retreat by the end of the day. On 6 December, the British ambassador to Serbia informed the British Government that the Serb offensive was "progressing brilliantly". That day, the Serbian Army had broken the Austro-Hungarians at their centre and on their right flank. Outmanoeuvred, the Austro-Hungarians were forced into a full retreat, abandoning their weapons and equipment as they went. Meanwhile, the Austro-Hungarians attempted to consolidate control around Belgrade. On 7 December, they attacked the right flank of the Serbian Army in the city's outskirts.
⇒攻撃の最初の成功は、プトニックが望んでいたように、セルビア軍の士気を大いに高めるのに役立った。オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は、激しく弱体化したため翌朝攻撃を再開するまでに回復する時間がなく、その日の終わりまでに退却を余儀なくされた。12月6日、セルビア駐在の英国大使が、セルビア軍の攻勢は「素晴らしい進捗ぶりである」と英国政府に伝えた。その日、セルビア軍はオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍を右側面と中央部で破壊した。オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は移動戦の敗者となり、完全な後退を余儀なくされ、立ち去り際に彼らの武器と装備を放棄した。その一方、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍はベオグラード周辺の統制を強化しようとした。12月7日、彼らは街の郊外にあるセルビア軍の右側面を攻撃した。

＞On 8 December, the Austro-Hungarians fell back against Užice and Valjevo. The Serbs anticipated that their opponents would entrench themselves and attempt to block the Serbian Army's advance, but the Austro-Hungarians had failed to construct any defensive networks and, as such, were in no position to block the Serbian offensive.
⇒12月8日、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍はウヂチェとバリェボに挑んで、退却した。セルビア軍は、彼らの対戦相手が塹壕にこもってセルビア軍の前進を阻止しようと試みるだろうと予想したが、しかしオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍はいかなる防御網も構築することができず、セルビア軍の攻勢を阻止する立場にもなかった。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。