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質問

The Austro-Hungarians had ensured that Valjevo's defenses were fortified and had laid down artillery plans for the town's defense, but their lack of prior preparation meant that the hills surrounding the town were devoid of any significant defensive positions. The Serbs exploited this weakness by manoeuvring around the hills and encircling the Austro-Hungarians, suffering minimal casualties. The Serbian 3rd Army then broke through the defenses of the 6th Army at Mount Suvobor and stormed Valjevo. In Niš, the Bulgarian ambassador to Serbia reported: "The most improbable news from the battleground, sweet to the Serb ear, has been going around since this morning." He wrote that, in the last three to four days, the Serbian Army had captured one Austro-Hungarian General, 49 officers and more than 20,000 troops, as well as 40 cannon and "huge quantities of war matériel". By 9 December, the Austro-Hungarian counter-offensive around Belgrade lost its momentum and the Austro-Hungarians began to retreat back towards the city centre. One Austro-Hungarian soldier wrote: "We could not have imagined that the Serbs were on our heels, after all we had recently been victorious." On 10 December, the Serbian Army captured the lower reaches of the Drina, forcing the majority of surviving Austro-Hungarian troops to flee across the river. They did not stop until they had crossed the Sava and the Danube and entered the Banat. Very few Austro-Hungarian soldiers made it back into Bosnia.
On 13 December, von Frank informed Potiorek that he considered it impossible for Austro-Hungarian forces to remain in Belgrade for much longer. As a result, Potiorek ordered the Austro-Hungarian forces in the city to withdraw. The Austro-Hungarians left Belgrade on 14 and 15 December and retreated back into Austria-Hungary under the cover of their river monitors on the Sava and the Danube. The Serbian Army re-entered Belgrade on 15 December and was in full control of the city by the end of the following day. The battle ended in a decisive Serbian victory. A directive issued by the Serbian Supreme Command on 16 December reported: "The recapture of Belgrade marks the successful end of a great and magnificent period in our operations. The enemy is beaten, dispersed, defeated and expelled from our territory once and for all.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Austro-Hungarians had ensured that Valjevo's defenses were fortified and had laid down artillery plans for the town's defense, but their lack of prior preparation meant that the hills surrounding the town were devoid of any significant defensive positions. The Serbs exploited this weakness by manoeuvring around the hills and encircling the Austro-Hungarians, suffering minimal casualties. The Serbian 3rd Army then broke through the defenses of the 6th Army at Mount Suvobor and stormed Valjevo.
⇒オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は、バリェボの防衛を強化し、町の防衛のために砲撃計画をしっかり打ち立てたが、しかしその事前準備のうちでは、町を囲む丘に（置くべき）重要な防衛陣地が欠落していた。セルビア軍は、この弱点を利用して丘の周囲に機動作戦を展開してオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍を取り囲み、（自軍の）被る犠牲を最小限に抑えた。セルビア第3方面軍はその後、スボボル山で第6方面軍の防御を突破し、バリェボを攻撃収奪した。

＞In Niš, the Bulgarian ambassador to Serbia reported: "The most improbable news from the battleground, sweet to the Serb ear, has been going around since this morning." He wrote that, in the last three to four days, the Serbian Army had captured one Austro-Hungarian General, 49 officers and more than 20,000 troops, as well as 40 cannon and "huge quantities of war matériel". By 9 December, the Austro-Hungarian counter-offensive around Belgrade lost its momentum and the Austro-Hungarians began to retreat back towards the city centre.
⇒在セルビアのブルガリア大使は、ニシュで「戦場からの最もありそうもない、セルビア人の耳に優しいニュースが今朝から出回っている」と報じた。最後の3～4日の間に、セルビア軍が1人のオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の将軍、49人の将校と2万人以上の軍隊、さらに40門の大砲と「大量の戦争資材」を攻略した、と彼は書いた。12月9日頃、ベオグラード周辺のオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の反攻勢は勢いを失い、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は市内中心部に向かって後退し始めた。

＞One Austro-Hungarian soldier wrote: "We could not have imagined that the Serbs were on our heels, after all we had recently been victorious." On 10 December, the Serbian Army captured the lower reaches of the Drina, forcing the majority of surviving Austro-Hungarian troops to flee across the river. They did not stop until they had crossed the Sava and the Danube and entered the Banat. Very few Austro-Hungarian soldiers made it back into Bosnia.
⇒あるオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍兵士はこう書いている。「我々が最近勝利したばかりだから、（すぐさま）セルビア軍が我々の身辺に迫ってくるとは想像もできなかったのです」。12月10日、セルビア軍はドリナの下流域を占領し、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の生存兵の大多数が川を渡って逃げることを余儀なくされた。彼らは、一目散にサバ川やドナウ川を渡ってバナットに入り込んだ。ボスニアに戻ってきたオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の兵士はごく少数であった。

＞On 13 December, von Frank informed Potiorek that he considered it impossible for Austro-Hungarian forces to remain in Belgrade for much longer. As a result, Potiorek ordered the Austro-Hungarian forces in the city to withdraw. The Austro-Hungarians left Belgrade on 14 and 15 December and retreated back into Austria-Hungary under the cover of their river monitors on the Sava and the Danube.
⇒12月13日、フォン・フランクは、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍がこれ以上長くベオグラードに留まることは不可能と思われる旨をポチョレクに伝えた。その結果、ポチョレクは市中のオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍に撤退するよう命令した。オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は12月14日と15日にベオグラードを去り、サバ川やドナウ川上の河川用モニター装甲艦の庇護下にオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍（基地）へ戻った。

＞The Serbian Army re-entered Belgrade on 15 December and was in full control of the city by the end of the following day. The battle ended in a decisive Serbian victory. A directive issued by the Serbian Supreme Command on 16 December reported: "The recapture of Belgrade marks the successful end of a great and magnificent period in our operations. The enemy is beaten, dispersed, defeated and expelled from our territory once and for all.
⇒12月15日、セルビア軍が再びベオグラードに入り、翌日の終りまでには市を完全制御した。戦いはセルビアの決定的な勝利に終った。12月16日にセルビア最高司令部が発した指令はこう報告している。「ベオグラードの奪還は、我々の作戦行動における偉大かつ壮大な期間が成功裏に終ったことを意味するものである。敵は殴打され、打倒され、雲散霧散して、今やわが領土から徹底的に追放されました」。

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