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質問

Analysis
More French reinforcements arrived in the latter part of April, the Germans had suffered many casualties, especially among the stoßtruppen and attacks toward Hazebrouck failed. It was clear that Georgette could not achieve its objectives; on 29 April the German high command called off the offensive.

Casualties

In 1937 C. B. Davies, J. E. Edmonds and R. G. B. Maxwell-Hyslop, the British official historians gave casualties from 9–30 April as c. 82,000 British and a similar number of German casualties. Total casualties since 21 March were British: c. 240,000, French: 92,004 and German: 348,300. In 1978 Middlebrook wrote of 160,000 British casualties, 22,000 killed, 75,000 prisoners and 63,000 wounded. Middlebrook estimated French casualties as 80,000 and German as c. 250,000 with 50–60,000 lightly wounded. In 2002 Marix Evans recorded 109,300 German casualties and the loss of eight aircraft, British losses of 76,300 men, 106 guns and 60 aircraft and French losses of 35,000 men and twelve guns. In 2006 Zabecki gave 86,000 German, 82,040 British and 30,000 French casualties.

The Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (also Actions of Villers-Bretonneux, after the First Battles of the Somme, 1918) took place from 24 to 25 April 1918, during the German Spring Offensive, against the Allied lines to the east of Amiens. It is notable for the first major use of tanks by the Germans, who deployed fourteen of their twenty A7Vs and for the first tank-versus-tank battle in history. The tank battle occurred when three advancing A7Vs met and engaged three British Mark IV tanks, two of which were female tanks armed only with machine-guns. The two Mark IV females were damaged and forced to withdraw but the male tank, armed with 6-pounder guns, hit and disabled the lead A7V, which was then abandoned by its crew. The Mark IV continued to fire on the two remaining German A7Vs, which withdrew. The "male" then advanced with the support of several Whippet light tanks which had arrived, until disabled by artillery fire and abandoned by the crew. The German and British crews recovered their vehicles later in the day. A counter-attack by two Australian and one British brigade during the night of 24 April partly surrounded Villers-Bretonneux and on 25 April the town was recaptured. Australian, British and French troops restored the original front line by 27 April.

The Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux 第二次ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーの戦い

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Analysis
More French reinforcements arrived in the latter part of April, the Germans had suffered many casualties, especially among the stoßtruppen and attacks toward Hazebrouck failed. It was clear that Georgette could not achieve its objectives; on 29 April the German high command called off the offensive.
⇒分析
4月の後半に大勢のフランス軍の援軍が到着して、ドイツ軍は多くの犠牲者を被った。特に、突撃班とアーズブルックへの攻撃隊は失敗だった。ゲオルゲッテ（ジョルジェット作戦）がその目標を達成できなかったことは明らかであった。4月29日、ドイツ軍の高位司令官は攻撃を中止させた。

＞Casualties
In 1937 C. B. Davies, J. E. Edmonds and R. G. B. Maxwell-Hyslop, the British official historians gave casualties from 9–30 April as c. 82,000 British and a similar number of German casualties. Total casualties since 21 March were British: c. 240,000, French: 92,004 and German: 348,300. In 1978 Middlebrook wrote of 160,000 British casualties, 22,000 killed, 75,000 prisoners and 63,000 wounded. Middlebrook estimated French casualties as 80,000 and German as c. 250,000 with 50–60,000 lightly wounded. In 2002 Marix Evans recorded 109,300 German casualties and the loss of eight aircraft, British losses of 76,300 men, 106 guns and 60 aircraft and French losses of 35,000 men and twelve guns. In 2006 Zabecki gave 86,000 German, 82,040 British and 30,000 French casualties.
⇒死傷者数
英国の公報史家C. B.デービーズ、J. E.エドモンズ、およびR. G. B.マクセル－ヒスロップは、4月９日－30日の死傷者数について、英国軍の死傷者数82,000人、ドイツ軍にも同様の数を挙げた。3月21日以来の総死傷者は、英国軍：約240,000人、フランス軍：92,004人、ドイツ軍：348,300人であった。1978年、ミドルブルックは160,000人の英国軍死傷者のうち、死亡者22,000人、囚人75,000人、負傷者63,000人と書いた。ミドルブルックは、フランス軍の死傷者を80,000人、ドイツ軍のそれを軽傷者50－60,000人を含めて約250,000人と推定している。マリックス・エバンスは、2002年にドイツ軍の死傷者109,300人と航空機8機の紛失、英国軍の損失76,300人の兵士、106門の大砲、60機の航空機、それとフランス軍の損失35,000人の兵士と12門の大砲を記録した。2006年にザベッキは、ドイツ軍86,000人、イギリス軍82,040人、フランス軍30,000人の犠牲者数を挙げた。

＞The Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (also Actions of Villers-Bretonneux, after the First Battles of the Somme, 1918) took place from 24 to 25 April 1918, during the German Spring Offensive, against the Allied lines to the east of Amiens. It is notable for the first major use of tanks by the Germans, who deployed fourteen of their twenty A7Vs and for the first tank-versus-tank battle in history. The tank battle occurred when three advancing A7Vs met and engaged three British Mark IV tanks, two of which were female tanks armed only with machine-guns.
⇒「第2次ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーの戦い」（1918年、「第1次ソンムの戦い」の後の「ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーの戦闘行動」を含む）は、1918年4月24日から25日にかけて、ドイツ軍の春攻撃の間にアミアンの東にある連合国軍戦線に対して行われた。（総数）20台のA7V型戦車のうち14台を配備したドイツ軍が最初に戦車を大量に使用したこと、および史上初の戦車対戦車戦闘が行われたことは注目に値する。戦車の戦闘が起こったのは、進軍中のA7V型戦車3台が、同じく3台の英国軍マークIV型戦車と交戦したときであったが、その（後者）のうちの2台は機関銃だけで武装したメス戦車であった。

＞The two Mark IV females were damaged and forced to withdraw but the male tank, armed with 6-pounder guns, hit and disabled the lead A7V, which was then abandoned by its crew. The Mark IV continued to fire on the two remaining German A7Vs, which withdrew. The "male" then advanced with the support of several Whippet light tanks which had arrived, until disabled by artillery fire and abandoned by the crew. The German and British crews recovered their vehicles later in the day. A counter-attack by two Australian and one British brigade during the night of 24 April partly surrounded Villers-Bretonneux and on 25 April the town was recaptured. Australian, British and French troops restored the original front line by 27 April.
⇒2台のマークIV型メス戦車は傷害を受けて撤退を余儀なくされたが、6ポンド主砲で武装したオスの戦車はA7V型を打ってこれを不能にしたので、その後乗員によって放棄された。マークIVは、引き続き残った2台のドイツ軍A7Vに発砲し続けた。その後「オス」は、到着した数台のホイペット軽戦車とともに進軍したが、砲撃によって障害を受け、乗員が放棄するに至った。ドイツ軍と英国軍の乗組員は、その日の後半に車両を回収した。4月24日の夜、オーストラリア軍2個旅団と英国軍1個旅団による反撃によってヴィレ＝ブルトヌーを部分的に包囲し、4月25日に町を奪回した。オーストラリア、英国、フランスの各軍隊は4月27日までに元の最前線に復帰した。

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