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The First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (30 March – 5 April 1918), took place during Operation Michael, part of the German Spring Offensive on the Western Front. The offensive began against the British Fifth Army and the Third Army on the Somme and pushed back the British and French reinforcements on the north side of the Somme. The capture of Villers-Bretonneux, close to Amiens, a strategically-important road- and rail-junction, would have brought the Germans within artillery-range. In late March, Australian troops were brought south from Belgium as reinforcements to help shore up the line and in early April the Germans launched an attack to capture Villers-Bretonneux. After a determined defence by British and Australian troops, the attackers were close to success until a counter-attack by the 9th Australian Infantry Brigade and British troops late in the afternoon of 4 April restored the situation and halted the German advance on Amiens.In early 1918, following the capitulation of Tsarist Russia, the end of the fighting on the Eastern Front allowed the Germans to transfer a significant amount of manpower and equipment to the Western Front. With the general position for the Germans looking weak, the German commander, Erich Ludendorff, decided to go on the offensive. On 21 March 1918, Operation Michael was launched, and the attack was aimed at the weakest part of the British lines, along the Somme River. By 5 April, the Germans had gained 60 kilometres (37 mi) of British held territory. Two other operations were launched, one near Armentières, one near Reims. All three operations were eventually halted by the Allies. In late March 1918, the German army advanced towards the vital rail-head at Amiens, pushing the British line back towards the town of Villers-Bretonneux. In response to the Germans' early advances during the offensive, on 29 March the 9th Australian Brigade, consisting of four infantry battalions, had been detached from the 3rd Australian Division and sent south from Belgium to help prevent a breach of the line between the British Fifth Army (General Hubert Gough) and the French First Army (General Marie-Eugène Debeney) that was positioned to the south.

The First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux 第一次ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーの戦い

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (30 March – 5 April 1918), took place during Operation Michael, part of the German Spring Offensive on the Western Front. The offensive began against the British Fifth Army and the Third Army on the Somme and pushed back the British and French reinforcements on the north side of the Somme. The capture of Villers-Bretonneux, close to Amiens, a strategically-important road- and rail-junction, would have brought the Germans within artillery-range.
⇒「第1次ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーの戦い」（1918年3月30日－4月5日）は、西部戦線の「ドイツ軍の春攻撃」の一部である「マイケル（ミヒャエル）作戦行動」の間に行われた。この攻撃は、ソンムで第5方面軍と第3方面軍に対抗し始め、ソンム北側の英国軍とフランス軍の強化隊を押し戻した。戦略的に重要な道路と鉄道の交差点であるアミアンに近いヴィレ＝ブルトヌーの攻略によって、ドイツ軍が砲撃の射程内入ってきた模様であった。

＞In late March, Australian troops were brought south from Belgium as reinforcements to help shore up the line and in early April the Germans launched an attack to capture Villers-Bretonneux. After a determined defence by British and Australian troops, the attackers were close to success until a counter-attack by the 9th Australian Infantry Brigade and British troops late in the afternoon of 4 April restored the situation and halted the German advance on Amiens. In early 1918, following the capitulation of Tsarist Russia, the end of the fighting on the Eastern Front allowed the Germans to transfer a significant amount of manpower and equipment to the Western Front.
⇒3月末、オーストラリア軍が戦線固めを手伝うための強化隊としてベルギーから南にやって来た。そして、4月上旬にはドイツ軍がヴィレ＝ブルトヌー攻略のための攻撃を開始した。英国軍とオーストラリア軍による防衛策が決定した後、攻撃者は成功に近づいて、4月4日午後遅くに第9オーストラリア軍歩兵旅団と英国軍隊の反撃が状況を回復し、アミアンへのドイツ軍進出を食い止めるに至った。1918年、皇帝ロシア軍の降伏に続いて東方戦線の戦いが終わると、ドイツ軍は相当量の人力と装備を西側戦線へ移すことが可能となった。

＞With the general position for the Germans looking weak, the German commander, Erich Ludendorff, decided to go on the offensive. On 21 March 1918, Operation Michael was launched, and the attack was aimed at the weakest part of the British lines, along the Somme River. By 5 April, the Germans had gained 60 kilometres (37 mi) of British held territory. Two other operations were launched, one near Armentières, one near Reims. All three operations were eventually halted by the Allies. In late March 1918, the German army advanced towards the vital rail-head at Amiens, pushing the British line back towards the town of Villers-Bretonneux.
⇒ドイツ軍が総体的に弱く見える状況下で、ドイツ軍の司令官エーリッヒ・ルーデンドルフは攻撃を開始することに決定した。1918年3月21日、「マイケル作戦行動」が開始され、その攻撃はソンム川沿いの英国軍戦線の最も弱い部分を狙った。4月5日までに、ドイツ軍は英国軍の領土を60キロ（37マイル）も獲得した。他の2つの作戦行動も開始されたが、その1つはアルメチエール近くで、もう１つはレームの近くであった。（しかし）3つの全作戦行動が、最終的に連合国軍によって停止された。1918年3月下旬、ドイツ軍はアミアンの重要な兵站駅に向かって進軍し、英国軍戦線をヴィレ＝ブルトヌーの町に向かって押し戻した。

＞In response to the Germans' early advances during the offensive, on 29 March the 9th Australian Brigade, consisting of four infantry battalions, had been detached from the 3rd Australian Division and sent south from Belgium to help prevent a breach of the line between the British Fifth Army (General Hubert Gough) and the French First Army (General Marie-Eugène Debeney) that was positioned to the south.
⇒攻撃中のドイツ軍の当初の進軍に対応して、3月29日、歩兵4個大隊で構成された第9オーストラリア旅団は、第3オーストラリア軍師団から離れて、英国第5方面軍（ハーバート・ゴフ将軍）とフランス第1方面軍（マリー－ユージン・ドブニー将軍）の間の欠陥部を防ぐために南方へ派遣された。

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