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質問

A local ceasefire agreement was reached at Soly on 4 December (21 November O.S.) between the Russians and Germans on the Eastern Front (Russia's "Western Front"). It superseded any local ceasefires or truces already agreed to—without specifying what these were—and was to be in effect from 6–17 December. Notice of the agreement was published in Izvestia on 8 December (25 November O.S.).
A fuller ceasefire encompassing all the Central Powers was signed at Brest-Litovsk on 5 December (22 November O.S.), the day after the agreement with Germany at Soly. This ceasefire came into effect a day later (7 December [24 November O.S.]), but expired on the same date as the local agreement of 4 December. It was published in Izvestia on the day it came into effect. In Soviet historiography there is some dispute about whether any agreement was signed on 5 December, and the explicit reference in the text of the armistice to a ceasefire of that date is dismissed as an error. That the 5 December agreement is historical is generally agreed. One of the Russian negotiators, L. B. Kamenev, wrote about the details of the agreement in Izvestia on 9 December (26 November O.S.); and the German general Max Hoffmann discussed it in his war diary.[3The negotiations were organized by General Max Hoffmann, chief of staff of the Eastern Armies. His negotiating team consisted of five Germans, four Austro-Hungarians, three Ottomans and two Bulgarians. Russian overtures to their French, Italian, and British allies to join in were rejected with "an, angry stony silence". Foreign minister Leon Trotsky assembled a Russian delegation of twenty eight, which one of them described as a menagerie because they were chosen to represent the social groups supporting the revolution, including soldiers, sailors, and factory workers. On the way to the railway station they realized that they lacked a peasant— one was recruited from the street. The female representative was celebrated for having assassinated a general. They were led by Adolph Joffe, an experienced Bolshevik who had studied medicine in Berlin, supported by a tsarist lieutenant colonel as military adviser and the experienced revolutionaries Kamenev and Lev Karakhan.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞A local ceasefire agreement was reached at Soly on 4 December (21 November O.S.) between the Russians and Germans on the Eastern Front (Russia's "Western Front"). It superseded any local ceasefires or truces already agreed to—without specifying what these were—and was to be in effect from 6–17 December. Notice of the agreement was published in Izvestia on 8 December (25 November O.S.).
⇒東部前線（ロシアの「西部戦線」）におけるロシア軍とドイツ軍との間で、12月4日（旧暦11月21日）にソリーで局地的な停戦協定に達した。それは、すでに同意されているいかなる地域停戦、または休戦－具体的に指定しないが－にも取って代り、実際には12月6日－17日から実効することになっていた。協定の通達は、12月8日（旧暦11月25日）にイズベスチアにおいて公示された。

＞A fuller ceasefire encompassing all the Central Powers was signed at Brest-Litovsk on 5 December (22 November O.S.), the day after the agreement with Germany at Soly. This ceasefire came into effect a day later (7 December [24 November O.S.]), but expired on the same date as the local agreement of 4 December. It was published in Izvestia on the day it came into effect. In Soviet historiography there is some dispute about whether any agreement was signed on 5 December, and the explicit reference in the text of the armistice to a ceasefire of that date is dismissed as an error.
⇒すべての中央同盟国間を含むより十全な停戦は、ソリーにおけるドイツ軍との協定後の12月5日（旧暦11月22日）にブレスト=リトフスクで調印された。この停戦は、1日後（12月7日〔旧暦11月24日〕）に発効したが、12月4日調印の局地協定と同じ日付に期限切れになった。それは、発効した同日にイズベスチアで公示された。ソビエト連邦の修史（史料編纂）では、協定が12月5日に調印されたかについては若干の論争があり、その日付をもって停戦に入るという停戦協定の、文書における明示的な出典は間違いとして退けられている。

＞That the 5 December agreement is historical is generally agreed. One of the Russian negotiators, L. B. Kamenev, wrote about the details of the agreement in Izvestia on 9 December (26 November O.S.); and the German general Max Hoffmann discussed it in his war diary.[3The negotiations were organized by General Max Hoffmann, chief of staff of the Eastern Armies.
⇒12月5日の協定が史実であることについては、一般に同意されている。ロシアの協議者のうちの1人L. B.カーメネフは、イズベスチアの協定の詳細について12月9日（旧暦11月26日）と書いたが、ドイツ軍のマックス・ホフマン将軍は彼の戦争日誌の中でそれを議論した。協議交渉は、東部方面軍の参謀長マックス・ホフマン将軍によって組織されたのであった。

＞His negotiating team consisted of five Germans, four Austro-Hungarians, three Ottomans and two Bulgarians. Russian overtures to their French, Italian, and British allies to join in were rejected with "an, angry stony silence". Foreign minister Leon Trotsky assembled a Russian delegation of twenty eight, which one of them described as a menagerie because they were chosen to represent the social groups supporting the revolution, including soldiers, sailors, and factory workers.
⇒彼の交渉チームは、5人のドイツ人、4人のオーストリア・ハンガリー人、3人のオスマントルコ人、および2人のブルガリア人から成っていた。フランス、イタリア、および英国の連合国からの参加に関するロシアの申し入れは、「怒れる無表情な沈黙」によって拒絶された。外務大臣レオン・トロツキーは、28人のロシアの代表団を集めたが、革命を支持する社会グループを代表すべく選ばれて、兵士、船員、および工員を含んでいたので、彼らのうちの1人が（みずから）動物サーカス団と評した。

＞On the way to the railway station they realized that they lacked a peasant— one was recruited from the street. The female representative was celebrated for having assassinated a general. They were led by Adolph Joffe, an experienced Bolshevik who had studied medicine in Berlin, supported by a tsarist lieutenant colonel as military adviser and the experienced revolutionaries Kamenev and Lev Karakhan.
⇒鉄道駅へ行く途中で彼らは小作農民が欠如することに気がついたので－通りで募集された。その女性の代表者は、将軍を暗殺したことで有名であった。彼らの主導者アドルフ・ジョフィはベルリンで医学を勉強した経験豊かなボルシェビキで、軍事相談役として専制政治支持者の一中佐、および経験豊かな革命家カーメネフとレフ・カラハンによる支援を得ていた。

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