英訳ができません
breaking newsの記事からです。
Parents in the U.K. face being punished if their children are continually late for school. Britain's Education Secretary Michael Gove has announced he will crack down on what he terms "problem parents". He said too many families fail to "face up to their responsibilities" by ensuring their children get to school on time, and are "ready to learn and show respect for their teacher".
(1)質問
ここでのand are"ready to learn～の主語は何なのでしょうか？この学習する準備ができているて教師を尊敬している、何を説明しているのでしょうか？
Parents are already slapped with a ￡60 ($100) fine if their child is repeatedly late for school. However, 20,000 of these penalties were unpaid last year, prompting Mr Gove to announce a tougher penalty system. There will also be fines for parents who withdraw their children during term time to take them on cheaper family vacations.
(2)ここのcheaperは、旅行の繁忙期を避けて、安い時期に行くことをさしていますか？
Mr Gove said his plans were all part of raising standards in education, creating a bigger incentive for parents to ensure their children get to school, and tackling the problem of "habitual truancy".
Gove also hit back at his critics, accusing them of adhering to policies that set pupils up to fail and of promoting "a diet of dumbed-down courses".
(3)ここの一文は全然理解できません・・・。
accusingはcriticsを説明していますか？them は何を指しているのでしょうか？
He said opposition politicians shied away "from anything which might require grit".
(4)gritの意味は何ですか？
Gove warned their policies would send children to school "without daring to think they might be intellectually curious and capable of greatness, denying them access to anything stretching or ambitious, and setting expectations so low you can never be surprised by someone's potential".
(5)ここの文章もあまり意味がわかりません。
ざっくりでもいいので、だいたいの意味を教えていただけませんか？
