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質問

The First Battle of Krithia was the first Allied attempt to advance in the Battle of Gallipoli during the First World War. Starting on 28 April, three days after the Landing at Cape Helles, the attack broke down due to the defensive power of the Ottoman opposing forces, poor leadership and planning, lack of communications and exhaustion and demoralisation of the troops. On the morning of 25 April 1915, the 29th Division (Major General Aylmer Hunter-Weston), landed on five beaches around Cape Helles at the southern tip of the Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire. The main landings at 'V' and 'W' Beaches were hotly contested and the British suffered heavy casualties. A supporting landing made at 'Y' Beach on the Aegean coast to the north was made without opposition but the troops were without instructions and made no attempt to either advance or dig in. The first-day objectives of the village of Krithia and the nearby hill of Achi Baba were virtually undefended. When Ottoman reinforcements arrived, the British were forced to evacuate 'Y' Beach and forfeited an opportunity for an early success.
After much fighting, the British were able to secure the main landings. After a diversionary landing at Kum Kale on the Asian shore of the Dardanelles, the French Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient moved across the straits to Helles and took over the right of the Allied line. By the afternoon of 27 April, the Allies were able to make an advance of about 2 miles (3.2 km) up the peninsula towards Krithia, ready for an assault on the following day. The success of the Ottoman defence of the beaches, led the British grossly to overestimate the opposition they faced. The Ottomans were outnumbered 3:1 but believing that the Ottomans were indifferent fighters, the British assumed they were faced by two divisions, rather than two understrength regiments fighting a delaying action. The battle commenced around 8:00 a.m. on 28 April with a naval bombardment. The plan of advance was for the French to hold position on the right while the British line would pivot, capturing Krithia and assailing Achi Baba from the south and west. The overly-complex plan was poorly communicated to the brigade and battalion commanders of the 29th Division who would make the attack. Hunter-Weston remained far from the front; because of this, he was not able to exert any control as the attack developed. The initial advances were easy but as pockets of Ottoman resistance were encountered, some stretches of the line were held up while others kept moving, thereby becoming outflanked. The further up the peninsula the troops advanced, the more difficult the terrain became, as they encountered the four great ravines that ran from the heights around Achi Baba towards the cape.

The First Battle of Krithia 　第一次クリチアの戦い

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The First Battle of Krithia was the first Allied attempt to advance in the Battle of Gallipoli during the First World War. Starting on 28 April, three days after the Landing at Cape Helles, the attack broke down due to the defensive power of the Ottoman opposing forces, poor leadership and planning, lack of communications and exhaustion and demoralisation of the troops. On the morning of 25 April 1915, the 29th Division (Major General Aylmer Hunter-Weston), landed on five beaches around Cape Helles at the southern tip of the Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire.
⇒「第一次クリチアの戦い」は、第一次世界大戦中に「ガリポリの戦い」で前進するための最初の連合国軍の試みであった。ヘレス岬上陸の3日後の4月28日から、オスマン軍の反抗勢力の防御力、貧弱な指導性と計画、コミュニケーションの欠如と軍隊の士気低下などによって攻撃は崩壊していった。1915年4月25日の朝、第29師団（エイルマー・ハンター-ウェストン少将）は、オスマン帝国のガリポリ半島南端にあるヘレス岬周辺の5か所の海浜に上陸した。

＞The main landings at 'V' and 'W' Beaches were hotly contested and the British suffered heavy casualties. A supporting landing made at 'Y' Beach on the Aegean coast to the north was made without opposition but the troops were without instructions and made no attempt to either advance or dig in. The first-day objectives of the village of Krithia and the nearby hill of Achi Baba were virtually undefended. When Ottoman reinforcements arrived, the British were forced to evacuate 'Y' Beach and forfeited an opportunity for an early success.
⇒「V」海浜と「W」海浜への主要上陸で激しい争いがあり、英国軍は甚大な犠牲を被った。北のエーゲ海沿岸の「Y」海浜で行われた支援上陸は抵抗なしに行われたが、部隊は指示を受けることもなく、前進や塹壕掘りを試みることもなかった。初日の目標であるクリチア村とその周辺のアチババの丘は事実上無防備であった。オスマン軍の援軍が到着すると、英国軍は「Y」海浜からの避難を余儀なくされ、早期の成功の機会を失った。

＞After much fighting, the British were able to secure the main landings. After a diversionary landing at Kum Kale on the Asian shore of the Dardanelles, the French Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient moved across the straits to Helles and took over the right of the Allied line. By the afternoon of 27 April, the Allies were able to make an advance of about 2 miles (3.2 km) up the peninsula towards Krithia, ready for an assault on the following day. The success of the Ottoman defence of the beaches, led the British grossly to overestimate the opposition they faced.
⇒多くの戦いの後、英国は主要な上陸を確保することができた。ダーダネルス海峡のアジア沿岸にあるクム・ケールへの迂回上陸後、フランス軍団オリエント遠征隊は海峡を越えてヘレスに移動し、連合国軍の右側面を引き継いだ。4月27日の午後までに、連合国軍はクリチアに向かって半島を約2マイル（3.2キロ）前進し、翌日の攻撃に備えた。オスマン軍の海岸防衛の成功により、英国軍は彼らが直面した対抗軍を過大評価するようになった。

＞The Ottomans were outnumbered 3:1 but believing that the Ottomans were indifferent fighters, the British assumed they were faced by two divisions, rather than two understrength regiments fighting a delaying action. The battle commenced around 8:00 a.m. on 28 April with a naval bombardment. The plan of advance was for the French to hold position on the right while the British line would pivot, capturing Krithia and assailing Achi Baba from the south and west. The overly-complex plan was poorly communicated to the brigade and battalion commanders of the 29th Division who would make the attack.
⇒オスマン軍は3：1の数的優位に立たされていたが、英国軍はオスマン軍が無関心な戦闘隊であると信じていたため、勢力不足の2個連隊が引き伸ばし作戦行動を取っているのではなく、2個の師団に対峙していると考えた。戦闘は4月28日午前8時頃に海軍の砲撃をもって始まった。前進の計画は、英国軍が旋回している間、フランス軍が右翼陣地を掌握し、クリチアを占領し、アチババを南と西から攻撃することであった。過度に複雑なこの計画は、攻撃を行う第29師団の旅団と大隊司令官らに十分に伝えられなかった。
※この段落、特に前半がよく分かりません。誤訳の節はどうぞ悪しからず。

＞Hunter-Weston remained far from the front; because of this, he was not able to exert any control as the attack developed. The initial advances were easy but as pockets of Ottoman resistance were encountered, some stretches of the line were held up while others kept moving, thereby becoming outflanked. The further up the peninsula the troops advanced, the more difficult the terrain became, as they encountered the four great ravines that ran from the heights around Achi Baba towards the cape.
⇒ハンター-ウェストンは前線から遠く離れたままだったので、そのため攻撃が進行するにつれて彼は統率をとることができなかった。最初の進軍は簡単であったが、オスマン軍の抵抗のポケット（抵抗のたまり場）に出くわしたとき、戦線のいくつかの縞が保持される一方、他の縞が動き続け、それによって側面を包囲されていった。半島をさらに進んでいくと、アチババ周辺の高地から岬に向かって走る4本の大きな渓谷に遭遇し、地形がより困難になった。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。