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質問

Improvements in French artillery tactics, were foreshadowed by the pauses in the creep of the 77th Division barrage on 9 May, which enabled the infantry to keep up and capture ouvrage 123, the fanning-out barrages and hybrid barrages fired on 16 June, the use of chemical shells and artillery observation from aircraft equipped with wireless.

The Battle of Aubers Ridge was a British offensive on the Western Front on 9 May 1915 during World War I. The battle was part of the British contribution to the Second Battle of Artois, a Franco-British offensive intended to exploit the German diversion of troops to the Eastern Front. The French Tenth Army was to attack the German 6th Army north of Arras and capture Vimy Ridge, preparatory to an advance on Cambrai and Douai. The British First Army on the left (northern) flank of the Tenth Army, was to attack on the same day and widen the gap in the German defences expected to be made by the Tenth Army and to prevent German troops from being moved south of La Bassée canal. The battle was the initial British component of the combined Anglo-French offensive known as the Second Battle of Artois. The French commander-in-chief, Joseph Joffre, had enquired of Sir John French, commander of the British Expeditionary Force, if British units could support a French offensive into the Douai Plain around late April or early May 1915. The immediate French objectives were to capture the heights at Notre Dame de Lorette and the Vimy Ridge. The British First Army was further north, between La Bassée and Ypres (Belgium). It was decided that the British forces would attack in the southern half of their front line, near the village of Laventie. Their objective in the flat and poorly drained terrain was Aubers Ridge, an area of slightly higher ground 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi) wide marked by the villages of Aubers, Fromelles and Le Maisnil. The area had been attacked in the Battle of Neuve Chapelle two months earlier. The battle marked the second use of specialist Royal Engineer tunnelling companies, when men of 173rd Tunnelling Company tunnelled under no man's land and planted mines under the German defences to be blown at zero hour. The course of the Battle of Neuve Chapelle had shown that one breastwork was insufficient to stop an attack and the fortifications opposite the British were quickly augmented. Barbed-wire entanglements were doubled and trebled and 5-foot (1.5 m) deep breastworks were increased to 15–20 feet (4.6–6.1 m) broad, with traverses and a parados (a bank of earth behind the trench to provide rear protection). The two machine-guns per battalion were sited in emplacements at ground level set to sweep no man's land from flanking positions.

Aubers Ridge オーベル山稜

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Improvements in French artillery tactics, were foreshadowed by the pauses in the creep of the 77th Division barrage on 9 May, which enabled the infantry to keep up and capture ouvrage 123, the fanning-out barrages and hybrid barrages fired on 16 June, the use of chemical shells and artillery observation from aircraft equipped with wireless.
⇒フランス軍の砲撃戦術の改善は、5月9日の第77師団による集中砲火の休止によって予告されたが、それによって歩兵隊が砲撃任務123や、6月16日の混成集中砲火、化学砲弾、および無線を装備した航空機からの砲兵隊観測を維持し、攻略することができた。

＞The Battle of Aubers Ridge was a British offensive on the Western Front on 9 May 1915 during World War I. The battle was part of the British contribution to the Second Battle of Artois, a Franco-British offensive intended to exploit the German diversion of troops to the Eastern Front. The French Tenth Army was to attack the German 6th Army north of Arras and capture Vimy Ridge, preparatory to an advance on Cambrai and Douai. The British First Army on the left (northern) flank of the Tenth Army, was to attack on the same day and widen the gap in the German defences expected to be made by the Tenth Army and to prevent German troops from being moved south of La Bassée canal.
⇒「オーベル山稜の戦い」は、第一次世界大戦中の1915年5月9日、西部戦線における英国軍の攻勢であった。この戦いは、ドイツ軍を東部戦線へ転換させることを目的とした仏英攻勢「第二次アルトワの戦い」における英国軍の貢献の一環であった。フランス第10方面軍は、アラスの北にあるドイツ第6方面軍を攻撃し、カンブレやドゥエーへの進軍に備えてヴィミー山稜を攻略した。第10方面軍の左（北）側面にある英国第1方面軍も同じ日に攻撃し、第10方面軍によって開くと予期されるドイツ軍の防御上の間隙を広げ、ドイツ軍がラ・バセ運河の南に移動するのを阻止した。

＞The battle was the initial British component of the combined Anglo-French offensive known as the Second Battle of Artois. The French commander-in-chief, Joseph Joffre, had enquired of Sir John French, commander of the British Expeditionary Force, if British units could support a French offensive into the Douai Plain around late April or early May 1915. The immediate French objectives were to capture the heights at Notre Dame de Lorette and the Vimy Ridge. The British First Army was further north, between La Bassée and Ypres (Belgium).
⇒この戦いは、「第二次アルトワの戦い」として知られる英仏複合攻撃での最初の英国軍の（担当）構成要素であった。フランス軍の最高司令官ジョセフ・ジョフルは、英国軍部隊が1915年4月下旬または5月上旬にドゥエー平原に対するフランス軍の攻勢を支援できるかどうかを英国遠征軍の指揮官ジョン・フレンチに尋ねた。フランス軍の直接的目的は、ノートル・ダム・ド・ロレットとヴィミー山稜の高地を攻略することであった。英国第1方面軍は、そこよりずっと北のラ・バスとイープル（ベルギー）との間にあった。

＞It was decided that the British forces would attack in the southern half of their front line, near the village of Laventie. Their objective in the flat and poorly drained terrain was Aubers Ridge, an area of slightly higher ground 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi) wide marked by the villages of Aubers, Fromelles and Le Maisnil. The area had been attacked in the Battle of Neuve Chapelle two months earlier. The battle marked the second use of specialist Royal Engineer tunnelling companies, when men of 173rd Tunnelling Company tunnelled under no man's land and planted mines under the German defences to be blown at zero hour.
⇒英国軍はラヴェンティー村近くにある前線の南半分で攻撃することが決定された。平坦で水はけの悪い地形における彼らの目的は、オーベル、フロメーユ、ル・メニルの各村によって区画された、幅2～3キロ（1.2～1.9マイル）のかすかに高い地域、オーベル山稜であった。この地域は、2か月前の「ヌーヴ・シャペルの戦い」で攻撃されたところであった。この戦いは王立工兵坑道専門家中隊の第2次の使用を画した。つまり、第173坑道中隊の兵士が、中間地帯の下に坑道を掘って、ドイツ軍防衛施設の下に地雷を仕掛け、開戦時に爆発するように設定したのであった。

＞The course of the Battle of Neuve Chapelle had shown that one breastwork was insufficient to stop an attack and the fortifications opposite the British were quickly augmented. Barbed-wire entanglements were doubled and trebled and 5-foot (1.5 m) deep breastworks were increased to 15–20 feet (4.6–6.1 m) broad, with traverses and a parados (a bank of earth behind the trench to provide rear protection). The two machine-guns per battalion were sited in emplacements at ground level set to sweep no man's land from flanking positions.
⇒「ヌーヴ・シャペルの戦い」の過程は、1つの胸壁では攻撃を止めるのに不十分なので、英国軍の向かい側の要塞がすぐに増強されたことを示していた。有刺鉄線の絡み合いが2倍、3倍となり、深さ5フィート（1.5 m）の胸壁深度が15～20フィート（4.6～6.1 m）に伸長され、防弾壁と背面障壁（塹壕の背後にある土手）が後方保護を提供した。各大隊ごとに、側接する陣地から中間地帯を一掃するように設定された地上（高）レベルの設置場所に2丁ずつの機関銃が配置された。

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