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質問

After the Siege of Maubeuge in France, German super-heavy artillery was moved towards Antwerp which like Liège and Namur, would be untenable unless it could be incorporated into the main Allied front line, like the fortified regions of Verdun and Belfort in France. On 25 September the French General Staff (GQG) requested another sortie from Antwerp and the Belgian General Staff began to plan another operation. Signs of German preparations for a general attack on Antwerp, led to the forces intended for the sortie being reduced. The 5th Division, elements of the 4th Division and the Cavalry Division, which held the defences on the west side of the National Redoubt at Dendermonde and the Waasland, attacked German troops moving westward from Aalst. Although they succeeded in making a small advance, a counter-attack by the 37th Landwehr Brigade, supported by heavy artillery, led to the cancelling of the assault. On 28 September, the German bombardment of the Antwerp fortresses began. The German bombardment began on 28 September, with German siege guns directed by observation balloons on gun emplacements, flanking positions and magazines, which were the most vital parts of the forts, had by 6:00 p.m. on 29 September with extraordinary accuracy, made Fort Sint-Katelijne-Waver untenable and extensively damaged Fort Walem. Preparations to evacuate the Belgian Army to Ostend were begun by the Belgian Army Headquarters on 29 September and wounded, recruits, untrained men, prisoners of war, transport, equipment, ammunition and industrial machinery were gradually moved from Antwerp. The route out of the city crossed the Scheldt on two narrow pontoon bridges at the city centre and at Burcht. Trains had to run south along the right bank, cross the Rupel near German infantry positions only 10,000 yards (9,100 m) from the siege guns at Mechelen and then cross the railway bridge at Temse 12 miles (19 km) away. From 29 September – 7 October trains with lights extinguished, ran each night unopposed. The 4th Division assembled at Dendermonde, where a German attack was expected and the Cavalry Division guarded the river line, to protect the escape route between the Dender and the coast. Early on 29 September, the Belgian Prime Minister, Charles de Broqueville, informed the British that if all the outer forts were lost, the government and field army of 65,000 men would withdraw to Ostend and leave the 80,000 fortress troops to hold Antwerp for as long as possible. The next day, de Broqueville formally appealed to the British and French governments for help.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞After the Siege of Maubeuge in France, German super-heavy artillery was moved towards Antwerp which like Liège and Namur, would be untenable unless it could be incorporated into the main Allied front line, like the fortified regions of Verdun and Belfort in France. On 25 September the French General Staff (GQG) requested another sortie from Antwerp and the Belgian General Staff began to plan another operation. Signs of German preparations for a general attack on Antwerp, led to the forces intended for the sortie being reduced.
⇒フランスのモーベージュ包囲戦の後、ドイツ軍の超重砲兵隊がアントワープ方向へ動員されたが、そのことで、リエージュやナミュールなどと同様守備を固めたフランスの地域ヴェルダンやベルフォールのように主要な連合国軍の最前線にでも取り込まれない限り維持できないと思われた。9月25日、フランス軍の総参謀（GQG）がアントワープから別の出撃を要請し、ベルギー軍の参謀長が別の作戦を計画し始めた。ドイツ軍がアントワープに対する総攻撃を準備している気配が、出撃を意図する（連合国軍の）軍団が減らされる結果に結びついた。

＞The 5th Division, elements of the 4th Division and the Cavalry Division, which held the defences on the west side of the National Redoubt at Dendermonde and the Waasland, attacked German troops moving westward from Aalst. Although they succeeded in making a small advance, a counter-attack by the 37th Landwehr Brigade, supported by heavy artillery, led to the cancelling of the assault. On 28 September, the German bombardment of the Antwerp fortresses began.
⇒国家要塞西側のデンデルモンドとワースランドで防御施設を維持している第5師団、第4師団および騎兵師団の要員が、アールストから西へ移動中のドイツ軍を攻撃した。彼らは小さな前進をすることには成功したが、重砲撃に支えられた第37ランドウェル旅団による反撃によって襲撃中止に至った。9月28日、アントワープ要塞へのドイツ軍の砲撃が始まった。

＞The German bombardment began on 28 September, with German siege guns directed by observation balloons on gun emplacements, flanking positions and magazines, which were the most vital parts of the forts, had by 6:00 p.m. on 29 September with extraordinary accuracy, made Fort Sint-Katelijne-Waver untenable and extensively damaged Fort Walem. Preparations to evacuate the Belgian Army to Ostend were begun by the Belgian Army Headquarters on 29 September and wounded, recruits, untrained men, prisoners of war, transport, equipment, ammunition and industrial machinery were gradually moved from Antwerp.
⇒ドイツ軍の砲撃は9月28日に、砲台、接面陣地、弾薬庫などに関する気球観測隊からの指示を受けて（発射する）攻城砲の砲撃をもって始まった。砦の最も重要な部分である陣地や弾薬庫は、9月29日午後6時ごろ恐ろしく正確（な砲撃）を被弾し、シント‐カテリネ‐ウェイバー砦は持ちこたえられなくなり、ワレム砦は広範囲に損傷を受けた。9月29日、ベルギー方面軍をオステンドに避難させる準備がベルギー方面軍本部によって開始され、負傷兵、新兵、非訓練兵、戦争捕虜、輸送隊、装備品、弾薬および産業用機械などが徐々にアントワープから移出した。

＞The route out of the city crossed the Scheldt on two narrow pontoon bridges at the city centre and at Burcht. Trains had to run south along the right bank, cross the Rupel near German infantry positions only 10,000 yards (9,100 m) from the siege guns at Mechelen and then cross the railway bridge at Temse 12 miles (19 km) away. From 29 September – 7 October trains with lights extinguished, ran each night unopposed.
⇒市外へのルートは、市の中心部とブルヒトで2つの狭い浮橋を渡ってシェルトを横切った。列車は右岸に沿って南へ走り、メッヘレンの包囲砲列からたった10,000ヤード（9,100 m）の（地点にある）ドイツ軍歩兵隊陣地の近くでルペルを渡り、それから12マイル（19キロ）離れたテムゼの鉄道橋を渡らなければならなかった。9月29日－10月7日の間、列車は毎晩消灯して抵抗を避けながら走った。

＞The 4th Division assembled at Dendermonde, where a German attack was expected and the Cavalry Division guarded the river line, to protect the escape route between the Dender and the coast. Early on 29 September, the Belgian Prime Minister, Charles de Broqueville, informed the British that if all the outer forts were lost, the government and field army of 65,000 men would withdraw to Ostend and leave the 80,000 fortress troops to hold Antwerp for as long as possible. The next day, de Broqueville formally appealed to the British and French governments for help.
⇒第4師団はドイツ軍の攻撃が予想されるデンデルモンデに集まり、騎兵師団はデンデルと海岸の間の逃げ道を守るために川を護衛した。9月29日朝、ベルギー首相のシャルル・ド・ブロケヴィユは、すべての外殻砦が失われた場合、政府と65,000人の野戦方面軍はオステンドに撤退し、アントワープをできるだけ長く保持するために80,000人の要塞部隊をそこに留まらせると発表した。翌日、ド・ブロケヴィユは正式に英国政府とフランス政府に援助を求めた。

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