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質問

The Battle of the Somme in 1916 forced Haig to postpone an offensive in Flanders until 1917 and the coastal attack depended on retaining the Yser bridgehead, because the river was deep, tidal and 100–200 yards (91–183 m) wide. Lieutenant-Colonel C. N. Macmullen (GSO I) and a small planning group, formed in January 1917 at General Headquarters (GHQ), recommended that the operation should not begin until a general advance from Ypres had reached Roulers, which Haig accepted. A coastal offensive was to be conducted if one of three conditions were met: that the offensive at Ypres had prompted a collapse in the German defence, if the Germans took troops from the coast to replace losses in a long battle in the Ypres area or if the Allied advance at Ypres had reached Passchendaele ridge and the Fifth Army was advancing on Roulers and Thourout. To land troops swiftly, retaining the benefit from surprise, Bacon designed flat-bottomed craft which could land on beaches. The pontoons were 550 feet (170 m) long and 32 feet (9.8 m) wide, specially built and lashed between pairs of monitors. Men, guns, wagons, ambulances, box-cars, motor-cars, hand-carts, bicycles, Stokes mortar carts and side-cars, plus two male tanks and one female tank, were to be embarked on each monitor. HMS General Wolfe and the other monitors would push the pontoons up the beach, the tanks would drive off pulling sledges full of equipment, climb the sea-walls (an incline of about 30°), surmount a large projecting coping-stone at the top and then haul the rest of their load over the wall. The Belgian architect who designed the wall was a refugee in France and supplied his drawings.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Battle of the Somme in 1916 forced Haig to postpone an offensive in Flanders until 1917 and the coastal attack depended on retaining the Yser bridgehead, because the river was deep, tidal and 100–200 yards (91–183 m) wide. Lieutenant-Colonel C. N. Macmullen (GSO I) and a small planning group, formed in January 1917 at General Headquarters (GHQ), recommended that the operation should not begin until a general advance from Ypres had reached Roulers, which Haig accepted.
⇒1916年の「ソンムの戦い」によって、ヘイグはフランドルでの攻撃を1917年まで延期することを余儀なくされたが、沿岸の攻撃は、川が深く、潮の干満によって幅100–200ヤード（91–183m）（の変動）があったので、イゼール橋頭堡を保持することにかかっていた。C. N.マクミューレン中佐（GSO I）と、1917年1月に総司令部（GHQ）に創設された小さな計画グループは、イープルからの一般的な進軍がルーラーに到着するまで作戦行動を開始することのないように勧めて、ヘイグはそれを受け入れた。
GSO：「参謀本部将校」(General Staff Officer)。

＞A coastal offensive was to be conducted if one of three conditions were met: that the offensive at Ypres had prompted a collapse in the German defence, if the Germans took troops from the coast to replace losses in a long battle in the Ypres area or if the Allied advance at Ypres had reached Passchendaele ridge and the Fifth Army was advancing on Roulers and Thourout. To land troops swiftly, retaining the benefit from surprise, Bacon designed flat-bottomed craft which could land on beaches. The pontoons were 550 feet (170 m) long and 32 feet (9.8 m) wide, specially built and lashed between pairs of monitors.
⇒3つの条件のうちの1つが満たされれば、沿岸の攻撃が実行されることになっていた。すなわち、イープルの攻撃がドイツ軍守備隊の崩壊を促した場合、ドイツ軍がイープル地域での長い戦いの損失回復のために海岸から軍隊を引き揚げる場合、または、イープルの連合国軍の進軍がパッシェンデレ峰に到達して、第5方面軍がルーラーとトゥルートに向かって進軍しつつある場合、である。軍隊が素早く上陸して、急襲から有利点を得るために、ベーコンは、ビーチに上陸できる平底の船舶を設計した。そのポンツーン（浮橋）は長さ550フィート（170m）で幅32フィート（9.8m）で、特別に建造され、数隻のモニター艦を舫うことができた。

＞Men, guns, wagons, ambulances, box-cars, motor-cars, hand-carts, bicycles, Stokes mortar carts and side-cars, plus two male tanks and one female tank, were to be embarked on each monitor. HMS General Wolfe and the other monitors would push the pontoons up the beach, the tanks would drive off pulling sledges full of equipment, climb the sea-walls (an incline of about 30°), surmount a large projecting coping-stone at the top and then haul the rest of their load over the wall. The Belgian architect who designed the wall was a refugee in France and supplied his drawings.
⇒兵士、銃砲、ワゴン、救急車、有蓋車、自動車、手押し車、自転車、ストークス迫撃砲カートとサイドカーに2台の重戦車と1台の軽戦車を加えて、各々のモニター艦に乗船することとした。HMS（英国軍艦）ジェネラル・ウルフ号と他のモニター艦がポンツーンをビーチに押し上げて、戦車は器材でいっぱいのけん引そりを引いて、堤防（役30°の傾斜）を登って、頂上の大きく突き出た笠石を乗り越え、それから壁の上に残りの彼らの荷を引っ張りあげることとした。壁を設計したベルギーの建築家は、フランスに来た難民で、彼の図面を供給していた。

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