日本語助詞の説明（英語での説明希望）

質問

明日日本語能力検定試験があります。誰か英語か簡単な日本語で私に説明をしていただけませんか？

(1) 一日_____２かい、はをみがきます。
１．に ２．で ３．と ４．の

なぜ　「に」ですか？　わかりません。

(2)松井さんはめがねを＿＿＿つかいます。

１。たいせつな　
２。たいせつに　

なぜ　「たいせつに」が正しいですか？「な」「に」は　どう？違うのですか？

(3)テストですからつくえのうえに本やノート＿＿＿ください。
１．いれないで　
２．ださないで
Ireru I know is to put IN, but Dasu is to take out.I don't see how Dasu fits here because the way I read it and translate it into english, it would say "please don't take out any books from on top of the desk (which is impossible). Ireru at least sounded a bit more feasible.. "please dont put any books in/on the desk.")

なぜ「ださないで」ですか？

説明ください。おねがいします。

Your assistance would be highly appreciated. thank you,

回答No.1

petertalk · ベストアンサー

(1). A particle, "に" generally represents a range of place or time.
Since the sentence means "twice a day", its answer is "に".

Almost Japanese particles are multi-functional and there are many exceptions.
So I recommend to you to memorize particles with some phrases like :

twice a day = １日に２回、
three in my house = 家に３つ、
four on a table = テーブルに４つ

(2). 「つかいます」 is a verb. So 形容動詞 (ナ形容詞)「たいせつだ」should be
連用形 form for connecting with the verb.
Remember that 連用形 form of 「たいせつだ」 is 「たいせつに」.
Also note that "に" here is not a particle but a part of 形容動詞.

(3). Your understanding of Ireru and Dasu are correct.
Please note that usage of "に" here is representing a target of a verb.
「つくえのうえに」 means "to" the top of the desk, not "from".
So the sentence in the question is :

It's time of an exam. Please ＿＿＿ neither textbook nor notebook to the top of your desk.
("from" phrase is omitted here).

お礼

Thank you very much for your help with these. I don't know how I thank you.
Your assistace made a lot more sense and I appreciate it.

Do you mind if I ask your occupation? Your explanations are easy to understand and make sense. I wonder if you had an expereience for teaching japanese grammer or linguistic to someone.

Thanks anyway for your help.

回答No.3

petertalk

Nice result. Congratulations!
Yes, Japanese grammar itself is difficult even for Japanese people also. And many people are communicating in Japanese without grammatical knowledge.
And I often visit this website. Unfortunately direct communication is not allowed here but I will try to fill my answers when I found your questions.

お礼

Petertalk-san

I do hope you are doing well just after the Christmas.

Well, I need your help again for japanese particle（と） and I am wondering if you could help with my japanese.
I try to ask you in the another MSN　相談箱 titled "英語での回答希望　助詞”と”　”. so, could you pls find the question with this title for helping me?

Your assistance would be highly appreciated.

Thank you,

回答No.2

petertalk

Hello.

Thank you very much for your compliment. I'm glad to read your response.

I'm just a computer researcher in a computer company. I sometimes teach C language but it was my first experience to explain Japanese language to foreign people.
So this was nice training for me also. Please feel free to ask questions at any time.

お礼

Thanks for your message back. I didn't think it's the first time for you to teach japanese by English.
Your exlanation was awesome! わたしはわかりました。
thanks to your help, I did the exam pretty well! I breezed through the kanji and vocab section and the listening section for the most part was easy.
The grammar section stopped me up a little though, as it always did in the practice tests.
I hope though that i got enough right to get the same ballpark scores I was when practicing.

I'm appreciate for your offer with my japanese. I would ask you when I have something uncovered.Thank you.
あなたはMSNの相談をよくみますか？