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質問

The Germans argued that Lusitania was regularly transporting war munitions; she operated under the control of the Admiralty; she could be converted into an armed auxiliary cruiser to join the war; her identity had been disguised; and she flew no flags. They claimed that she was a non-neutral vessel in a declared war zone, with orders to evade capture and ram challenging submarines.
However, the ship was not armed for battle and was carrying thousands of civilian passengers, and the British government accused the Germans of breaching the cruiser rules (even if they were not). The sinking caused a storm of protest in the United States because 128 American citizens were among the dead. The sinking shifted public opinion in the United States against Germany and was one of the factors in the declaration of war nearly two years later. After the First World War, successive British governments maintained that there were no munitions on board Lusitania, and the Germans were not justified in treating the ship as a naval vessel. In 1982, the head of the British Foreign Office's American department finally admitted that there is a large amount of ammunition in the wreck, some of which is highly dangerous and poses a safety risk to salvage teams. Lusitania and Mauretania were commissioned by Cunard, responding to increasing competition from rival transatlantic passenger companies, particularly the German Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) and Hamburg America Line (HAPAG). They had larger, faster, more modern and more luxurious ships than Cunard, and were better placed, starting from German ports, to capture the lucrative trade in emigrants leaving Europe for North America. The NDL liner Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse captured the Blue Riband from Cunard's Campania in 1897, before the prize was taken in 1900 by the HAPAG ship Deutschland. NDL soon wrested the prize back in 1903 with the new Kaiser Wilhelm II and Kronprinz Wilhelm. Cunard saw its passenger numbers affected as a result of the so-called "Kaiser-class ocean liners".
American millionaire businessman J. P. Morgan had decided to invest in transatlantic shipping by creating a new company, International Mercantile Marine (IMM), and, in 1901, purchased the British freight shipper Frederick Leyland & Co. and a controlling interest in the British passenger White Star Line and folded them into IMM. In 1902, IMM, NDL and HAPAG entered into a "Community of Interest" to fix prices and divide among them the transatlantic trade. The partners also acquired a 51% stake in the Dutch Holland America Line. IMM made offers to purchase Cunard which, along with the French CGT, was now its principal rival.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Germans argued that Lusitania was regularly transporting war munitions; she operated under the control of the Admiralty; she could be converted into an armed auxiliary cruiser to join the war; her identity had been disguised; and she flew no flags. They claimed that she was a non-neutral vessel in a declared war zone, with orders to evade capture and ram challenging submarines.
⇒ドイツ軍は、ルシタニア号が定期的に軍需品を輸送していると主張した。本船は海軍本部の管理下で活動していた。武装した補助巡洋艦に転換して戦争に参加することがあり得た。本船は身元（船籍）が偽装されていた。そして船旗を掲げなかった。彼らは、この船が宣言された戦争地帯にある非中立船舶であり、捕獲を回避し、挑戦的な潜水艦を襲撃する命令を受けているのだ、と主張した。

＞However, the ship was not armed for battle and was carrying thousands of civilian passengers, and the British government accused the Germans of breaching the cruiser rules (even if they were not). The sinking caused a storm of protest in the United States because 128 American citizens were among the dead. The sinking shifted public opinion in the United States against Germany and was one of the factors in the declaration of war nearly two years later.
⇒しかし、この船舶は戦闘のための武装をしておらず、数千人の民間人乗客を運んでいたのだから、英国政府は、ドイツ軍が巡洋艦の規則（たとえ廃止されたとしても）に違反していたとして非難した。128人の米国市民が死者の中にいたので、沈没は米国で抗議の嵐を引き起こした。沈没はドイツに対する米国の世論を変え、ほぼ2年後の宣戦布告の要因の1つとなった。

＞After the First World War, successive British governments maintained that there were no munitions on board Lusitania, and the Germans were not justified in treating the ship as a naval vessel. In 1982, the head of the British Foreign Office's American department finally admitted that there is a large amount of ammunition in the wreck, some of which is highly dangerous and poses a safety risk to salvage teams. Lusitania and Mauretania were commissioned by Cunard, responding to increasing competition from rival transatlantic passenger companies, particularly the German Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) and Hamburg America Line (HAPAG).
⇒第一次世界大戦後、歴代の英国政府はルシタニア号には軍需品の積載がなく、ドイツ軍がこの船を海軍艦艇として扱うことは正当化されないと主張した。1982年に、英国外務省米国局の部局長は、この難破船に大量の弾薬があり、しかもその一部は非常に危険なものなので、引き揚げチームに安全上の危険があったことを最終的に認めた。ルシタニア号とマウレタニア号は、大西洋を横断する客船のライバル企業、特にドイツの北ドイツロイド社（NDL）やハンブルグ米国ライン（HAPAG）との競争激化に対応すべく、キュナードから（当局が）委託されていたのである。

＞They had larger, faster, more modern and more luxurious ships than Cunard, and were better placed, starting from German ports, to capture the lucrative trade in emigrants leaving Europe for North America. The NDL liner Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse captured the Blue Riband from Cunard's Campania in 1897, before the prize was taken in 1900 by the HAPAG ship Deutschland. NDL soon wrested the prize back in 1903 with the new Kaiser Wilhelm II and Kronprinz Wilhelm. Cunard saw its passenger numbers affected as a result of the so-called "Kaiser-class ocean liners".
⇒彼らはキュナードよりも大きく、より速く、より現代的で、より豪華な船を持ち、ドイツの港を皮切りに、北米を目指してヨーロッパを発つ移民相手の有利な取引を攻略すべく具合よく配置されていた。NDL定期便のカイザー・ヴィルヘルム・デア・グロース号が1897年にキュナード社からブルー・リバンドを簒奪した後、1900年にHAPAGドイツ船が賞を受賞した。1903年、NDLは直ちに新しいカイザー・ウィルヘルムII世号とクロンプリンツ・ウィルヘルム号で賞を取り戻した。キュナードは、いわゆる「カイザー級の大洋定期便」（の出現）の結果として、乗客数の影響を被る目を見たのである。

＞American millionaire businessman J. P. Morgan had decided to invest in transatlantic shipping by creating a new company, International Mercantile Marine (IMM), and, in 1901, purchased the British freight shipper Frederick Leyland & Co. and a controlling interest in the British passenger White Star Line and folded them into IMM. In 1902, IMM, NDL and HAPAG entered into a "Community of Interest" to fix prices and divide among them the transatlantic trade. The partners also acquired a 51% stake in the Dutch Holland America Line. IMM made offers to purchase Cunard which, along with the French CGT, was now its principal rival.
⇒米国の億万長者ビジネスマンであるJPモーガンは、新しい会社「国際商業航海社」（IMM）を設立して大西洋横断輸送に投資することを決定し、1901年に英国の貨物運送業者フリードリック・レイランド合資会社および英国内における同社支配下のホワイト・スターラインを説得してIMMの傘下に抱き込んだ。1902年、IMM、NDL、およびHAPAGは、価格を固定し、大西洋横断貿易を彼らの間で分割するために、「同業関連コミュニティ」を立ち上げて開始した。この参加社はまた、ドイツ・オランダ・アメリカラインの51％の株式を取得した。IMMは、フランスのCGTとともに現在の主要ライバルであるキュナードの購入を申し出た。

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