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質問

Continuous and methodical battles were replaced by limited attacks followed by consolidation. A massive rearmament programme was begun to produce aircraft, heavy artillery, tanks and chemicals, which had similar goals to the Hindenburg Programme.
The parts of the Western Front where German defences were rebuilt on the new principles, or had naturally-occurring features similar to the new principles, such as the Chemin des Dames, withstood the Franco-British attacks of the Nivelle Offensive in April 1917, although the cost in casualties was high. The rate of German infantry losses in these defences diminished, although this was also apparent in the rate of loss of the attackers, who were better organised and used more efficient methods, made possible by the increased flow of equipment and supplies to the Western Front, which had so concerned Ludendorff in September 1916 (In 1917 British artillery ammunition shortages ended and barrel-wear, from firing so many shells became a problem.)

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Continuous and methodical battles were replaced by limited attacks followed by consolidation. A massive rearmament programme was begun to produce aircraft, heavy artillery, tanks and chemicals, which had similar goals to the Hindenburg Programme.
⇒秩序立った連続戦が、限定的な攻撃に取り替えられ、それに陣地の強化が続くようになった。大きな再軍備計画によって、航空機、大型大砲、戦車、化学兵器などが生産され始めたが、それはヒンデンブルク計画と類似した目標を持っていた。

＞The parts of the Western Front where German defences were rebuilt on the new principles, or had naturally-occurring features similar to the new principles, such as the Chemin des Dames*, withstood the Franco-British attacks of the Nivelle Offensive in April 1917, although the cost in casualties was high.
⇒ドイツ軍の西部前線では、防衛施設が新しい方針に基づいて部分的に再建されたり、例えば、1917年4月に「ニヴェーユ攻撃」の仏英攻撃に耐えたシュマン・デ・ダム*のように、自然にできる特徴と新しい方針とが似るようにした。ただしここでは、犠牲者のコストは高くついた。
＊Chemin des Dames（直訳は、「貴婦人の道」）：パリ北東のエーン付近を東西に走るエーン川と尾根に沿った街道。ドイツ軍がこの尾根の斜面や岩石をそのまま利用して巨大な避難陣地を造った。

＞The rate of German infantry losses in these defences diminished, although this was also apparent in the rate of loss of the attackers, who were better organised and used more efficient methods, made possible by the increased flow of equipment and supplies to the Western Front, which had so concerned Ludendorff in September 1916 (In 1917 British artillery ammunition shortages ended and barrel-wear, from firing so many shells became a problem.)
⇒これらの防衛施設でのドイツ軍の歩兵連隊の損失率は減少したが、攻撃者の損失率においても（減少は）明らかで、彼らはよりよく組織されて、より効果的な方法を使用し、西部前線への器材や供給流通の増加によってそれを可能にした。そしてそれは、1916年9月にルーデンドルフを大いに懸念させた。（1917年に英国軍の砲兵隊の弾薬不足が解消し、そして、あまりに多くの発砲による「弾薬用樽の磨耗」（酷使）が問題になった。）

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回答ありがとうございました。