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質問

Muratoff and Allen describe Bergman as "an officer who liked to imitate in appearance and manner the type of the old Caucasian hero-leaders", but who had "none of the qualities which are necessary as a commander; he had no experience of field operations, and was merely blindly obstinate when he thought to show strength of character".

The Battle of Coronel was a First World War Imperial German Naval victory over the Royal Navy on 1 November 1914, off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel. The East Asia Squadron (Ostasiengeschwader or Kreuzergeschwader) of the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee met and defeated a British squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock.
The engagement probably took place as a result of misunderstandings. Neither admiral expected to meet the other in full force. Once the two met, Cradock understood his orders were to fight to the end, despite the odds being heavily against him. Although Spee had an easy victory, destroying two enemy armoured cruisers for just three men injured, the engagement also cost him almost half his supply of ammunition, which was irreplaceable. Shock at the British losses led the Admiralty to send more ships, including two modern battlecruisers, which in turn destroyed Spee and the majority of his squadron on 8 December at the Battle of the Falkland Islands. At the outbreak of war the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy, with assistance from other Allied naval and land forces in the Far East, had captured the German colonies of Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, Yap, Nauru and Samoa early in the war, instead of searching for the German East Asiatic Squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee, which had abandoned its base at the German concession at Tsingtao in the expectation of war breaking out with Japan. The East Asiatic Squadron rendezvoused at Pagan Island in the Marianas in early August 1914. Eventually, recognising the German squadron's potential for disrupting trade in the Pacific, the British Admiralty decided to destroy the squadron and searched the western Pacific Ocean after the East Asiatic Squadron had conducted the Bombardment of Papeete (22 September 1914), where a French steamer reported its presence. On 4 October 1914, the British learned from an intercepted radio message that Spee planned to attack shipping on the trade routes along the west coast of South America. Having correctly guessed the intention of the German commander, Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock patrolled the area with the a Squadron consisting of the armoured cruisers HMS Good Hope (flagship) and HMS Monmouth, the modern light cruiser HMS Glasgow, the armed merchantman HMS Otranto.

The Battle of Coronel コロネル沖海戦

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Muratoff and Allen describe Bergman as "an officer who liked to imitate in appearance and manner the type of the old Caucasian hero-leaders", but who had "none of the qualities which are necessary as a commander; he had no experience of field operations, and was merely blindly obstinate when he thought to show strength of character".
⇒ベルクマンは、「外観と手法でコーカサスの英雄的指導者の類型を模倣するのが好きな将校」だが、「指揮官として必要な資質は何も持っていなかった。彼は性格の強さを示したいと思ったので、ただ盲目的に固執しただけである」と、ムラトフやアレンが述べた。

＞The Battle of Coronel was a First World War Imperial German Naval victory over the Royal Navy on 1 November 1914, off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel. The East Asia Squadron (Ostasiengeschwader or Kreuzergeschwader) of the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee met and defeated a British squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock.
⇒「コロネル沖海戦」は、第一次世界大戦中の1914年11月1日にコロネル市近くの中央チリの沿岸で行われた戦いで、英国海軍に対して帝国ドイツ海軍が勝利した。マクシミリアン・フォン・シュペー海軍中将（副提督）が率いるドイツ帝国海軍の「東アジア戦隊」（または東アジア巡洋艦隊）は、クリストファー・クラドック卿海軍少将（後方提督）が指揮する英国の戦隊と会戦して、これを破った。

＞The engagement probably took place as a result of misunderstandings. Neither admiral expected to meet the other in full force. Once the two met, Cradock understood his orders were to fight to the end, despite the odds being heavily against him. Although Spee had an easy victory, destroying two enemy armoured cruisers for just three men injured, the engagement also cost him almost half his supply of ammunition, which was irreplaceable. Shock at the British losses led the Admiralty to send more ships, including two modern battlecruisers, which in turn destroyed Spee and the majority of his squadron on 8 December at the Battle of the Falkland Islands.
⇒この会戦は、おそらく誤解の結果として起こったようである。どちらの提督も全軍を挙げて相手と会戦することなど予期してはいなかった。しかし、両者が一旦戦を交えるや、クラドックは最後まで戦うという命が下されたことを了解した。シュペーはわずか3人の兵士の負傷と引き替えに2隻の敵装甲巡洋艦を破壊して簡単に勝利を収めたが、彼にとってその会戦は弾薬のほぼ半分のというかけがえのない供給力を犠牲にした。英国軍はこの損失に衝撃を受けて、海軍がさらに2隻の近代的な巡洋艦を含め多くの戦艦を派遣したので、趨勢が入れ替わって11月8日に「フォークランド諸島の戦い」でシュペーとその大部分の艦隊を破壊した。

＞At the outbreak of war the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy, with assistance from other Allied naval and land forces in the Far East, had captured the German colonies of Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, Yap, Nauru and Samoa early in the war, instead of searching for the German East Asiatic Squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee, which had abandoned its base at the German concession at Tsingtao in the expectation of war breaking out with Japan. The East Asiatic Squadron rendezvoused at Pagan Island in the Marianas in early August 1914.
⇒この戦いの勃発のころ、英国海軍と同国王（傘下）のオーストラリア海軍は日本の参戦を期待して、チンタオ（青島）におけるドイツ軍の譲歩でその基地を放棄したマクシミリアン・フォン・シュペー副提督が指揮するドイツ軍の東アジア艦隊を探すことはぜず、極東の他の連合国軍の陸海軍からの支援を受けて戦闘の初期にドイツ皇帝領植民地ヤップ、ナウルとサモアを占領した。1914年8月上旬、東アジア艦隊はマリアナ諸島のパガン島に集結した。

＞Eventually, recognising the German squadron's potential for disrupting trade in the Pacific, the British Admiralty decided to destroy the squadron and searched the western Pacific Ocean after the East Asiatic Squadron had conducted the Bombardment of Papeete (22 September 1914), where a French steamer reported its presence. On 4 October 1914, the British learned from an intercepted radio message that Spee planned to attack shipping on the trade routes along the west coast of South America. Having correctly guessed the intention of the German commander, Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock patrolled the area with the a Squadron consisting of the armoured cruisers HMS Good Hope (flagship) and HMS Monmouth, the modern light cruiser HMS Glasgow, the armed merchantman HMS Otranto.
⇒最終的に、英国軍提督はドイツ軍の艦隊が太平洋の貿易を混乱させる可能性を認識して、フランスの汽船がその存在（場所）を報告した東アジア艦隊が「パペーテの爆撃」（1914年9月22日）を行った後、この艦隊を破壊して西太平洋を捜索することを決定した。1914年10月4日に、英国軍は傍受したラジオ電文からシュペーが南アメリカの西海岸に沿った貿易航路の海運に対する攻撃を計画していることを知った。ドイツ軍司令官の意図を正しく推測した後、クリストファー・クラドック卿海軍少将は装甲巡洋艦HMSグッドホープ号（旗艦）とHMSモンマス号、現代的軽巡洋艦HMSグラスゴー号、武装商船HMSオトラント号からなる艦隊でこの海域を巡回した。

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