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質問

Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, the Austro-Hungarian Chief of the General Staff, attributed the defeat to a Serbian "thunder bolt from the south". The battle did not achieve any of Austria-Hungary's objectives: it failed to knock Serbia out of the war, it failed to induce Bulgaria to join the Central Powers and it failed to convince Romania to stay neutral. Austro-Hungarian historians concluded after the battle that defeat by Serbia constituted "a serious diminution in the Dual Monarchy's prestige and self-confidence". The battle, like the Battle of Cer before it, drew considerable attention to Serbia and many foreigners came to the country in late 1914 to offer political and humanitarian aid or to fight alongside the Serbian Army. German publicist Maximilian Harden wrote: "Serbia has risen from its grave on the field of Kosovo. From the source of the Kolubara River it will draw courage for the greatest battles of the whole century."
The Austro-Hungarians suffered about 225,000 casualties, including 30,000 killed, 173,000 wounded and 70,000 taken prisoner. They reported that 200 of their officers were taken prisoner during the battle and more than 130 cannon, 70 heavy machine-guns and a large quantity of matériel were captured. The Serbs also suffered heavy casualties, with 22,000 killed, 91,000 wounded and 19,000 missing or captured. The Western press was appalled with the scale of atrocities committed by the Austro-Hungarian troops against Serbian civilians, including women and children. William Shepard, of the United Press, confirmed as an eyewitness that at least eighteen towns were fully abandoned, and the whole of northwestern Serbia was nearly depopulated.
Mišić was promoted to the rank of vojvoda for his command during the battle. Potiorek, on the other hand, was relieved of command on 22 December for "this most ignominious, rankling and derisory defeat". The decision reportedly made him suicidal. He was replaced by Archduke Eugen of Austria, who the Austro-Hungarians hoped would "restore Habsburg forces to the glory days of Prince Eugene". Von Frank was dismissed as commander of the 5th Army and replaced by Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas, who had commanded the 4th Corps at the Battle of Cer. The 5th and 6th armies were then merged into a single 5th Army consisting of 95,000 men.
Dobrica Ćosić's novel A Time of Death revolves around the battle. It was adapted into a stage play in 1983, titled The Battle of Kolubara.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, the Austro-Hungarian Chief of the General Staff, attributed the defeat to a Serbian "thunder bolt from the south". The battle did not achieve any of Austria-Hungary's objectives: it failed to knock Serbia out of the war, it failed to induce Bulgaria to join the Central Powers and it failed to convince Romania to stay neutral. Austro-Hungarian historians concluded after the battle that defeat by Serbia constituted "a serious diminution in the Dual Monarchy's prestige and self-confidence".
⇒オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の参謀長フランツ・コンラッド・フォン・ヘッツェンドルフは、敗北の原因はセルビアの「南からの雷撃」にあったとしている。その戦いではオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の目的のいずれも達成されなかった。戦場からセルビア軍を打倒追放することに失敗し、ブルガリアを中央同盟国に加盟させることに失敗し、ルーマニアに中立に留まることを納得させ得なかった。オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の歴史家たちは、戦いのあと、セルビア軍に喫したこの敗北は、「二重君主国の名声と自信の深刻な縮小」であると結論づけた。

＞The battle, like the Battle of Cer before it, drew considerable attention to Serbia and many foreigners came to the country in late 1914 to offer political and humanitarian aid or to fight alongside the Serbian Army. German publicist Maximilian Harden wrote: "Serbia has risen from its grave on the field of Kosovo. From the source of the Kolubara River it will draw courage for the greatest battles of the whole century."
⇒その戦いでは、それ以前の「チェルの戦い」のように、セルビアがかなりの注目を集め、1914年末、多くの外国人が政治的、人道的援助を提供するために、あるいはセルビア軍と共に戦うためにやって来た。ドイツの広報担当マクシミリアン・ハーデン氏は、「セルビアはコソボの戦場で墓場から立ち上がった。コルバラ川の源流から、今世紀最大の戦いに向かう勇気を引き出した」と書いた。

＞The Austro-Hungarians suffered about 225,000 casualties, including 30,000 killed, 173,000 wounded and 70,000 taken prisoner. They reported that 200 of their officers were taken prisoner during the battle and more than 130 cannon, 70 heavy machine-guns and a large quantity of matériel were captured. The Serbs also suffered heavy casualties, with 22,000 killed, 91,000 wounded and 19,000 missing or captured. The Western press was appalled with the scale of atrocities committed by the Austro-Hungarian troops against Serbian civilians, including women and children. William Shepard, of the United Press, confirmed as an eyewitness that at least eighteen towns were fully abandoned, and the whole of northwestern Serbia was nearly depopulated.
⇒オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は、死者30,000人、負傷者173,000人、囚人70,000人を含む、約225,000人の犠牲者を被った。彼らは、戦闘中に200人の将校が捕虜になり、130門以上の大砲、70丁の重機関銃、そして大量の物資が攻略されたと報じた。セルビア軍もまた、22,000人が死亡、91,000人が負傷、19,000人が行方不明または捕縛されるという重篤な被害を被った。欧米の報道機関は、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の軍隊が、女性と子供を含むセルビアの民間人に対して行った残虐行為の規模に驚いた。「ユナイテッド・プレス」紙のウィリアム・シェパードは、目撃者として、少なくとも18の町が完全に放棄され、そしてセルビア北西部の全体がほとんど人口過疎の地になったことを確認した。

＞Mišić was promoted to the rank of vojvoda for his command during the battle. Potiorek, on the other hand, was relieved of command on 22 December for "this most ignominious, rankling and derisory defeat". The decision reportedly made him suicidal. He was replaced by Archduke Eugen of Austria, who the Austro-Hungarians hoped would "restore Habsburg forces to the glory days of Prince Eugene". Von Frank was dismissed as commander of the 5th Army and replaced by Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas, who had commanded the 4th Corps at the Battle of Cer. The 5th and 6th armies were then merged into a single 5th Army consisting of 95,000 men.
⇒ミシッチは、戦いの間の指揮によって公爵（vojvoda〈スロベニア語〉）の地位に昇格した。一方、ポチョレクは、12月22日に「この最も悪名高い、屈辱的な、粗末な敗北」の廉で指揮官職を解かれた。この決定を聞いて彼は自殺したと伝えられている。彼（の地位）は、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍が「ハプスブルク家の軍隊をオイゲン皇子の頃の栄光に復活させる」ことを望んだオーストリアのオイゲン大公に置き換えられた。フォン・フランクも、第5方面軍の司令官を解任され、「チェルの戦い」で第4軍団を指揮していたカール・テルツヤンスキー・フォン・ナダスに置き換えられた。その後、第5方面軍と第6方面軍は95,000人の兵士からなる単独の第5方面軍に統合された。

＞Dobrica Ćosić's novel A Time of Death revolves around the battle. It was adapted into a stage play in 1983, titled The Battle of Kolubara.
⇒ドブリカ・コシックの小説『死の時刻』は、この戦いをめぐって展開する。それは、1983年に『コルバラの戦い』と題された舞台演劇にも適応された。

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