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The increased tempo of attack allowed by the systematic planning and decentralisation of responsibility from army to corps and divisions and the reduction of much of the planning to a routine, led to the time between attacks being further reduced. Faster attack preparations reduced the time available for artillery to prepare assaults, which combined with the return of heavy rain after 4 October, substantially to reduce British artillery support during the battles of Poelcapelle on 9 October and the First Battle of Passchendaele on 12 October. As optimism at the possibility of advancing over the Passchendaele watershed increased the weather broke.
Victoria Cross
Acting Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Bent of the 7th Division, 1 October.
Nine Victoria Crosses awarded during the Battle of Broodseinde, 4 October.
Acting Sergeant-Major James Ockendon, of the 29th Division.
Acting Captain Clement Robertson, of the Royal Tank Regiment.
Sergeant Charles Harry Coverdale, from the 11th Division.
Acting Corporal Fred Greaves, of the 11th Division.
Private Arthur Hutt, from the 48th Division.
Sergeant Lewis McGee, of the Australian 3rd Division.
Lance-Corporal Walter Peeler, from the Australian 3rd Division.
Acting Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Pugh Evans, of the 21st Division.
Private Thomas Henry Sage from the 37th Division.

The Battle of Poelcappelle was fought in Flanders on 9 October 1917 by the British and German armies, during the First World War and marked the end of the string of highly successful British attacks in late September and early October, during the Third Battle of Ypres. Only the supporting attack in the north achieved a substantial advance. On the main front the German defences withstood the limited amount of artillery fire managed by the British after the attack of 4 October. The ground along the main ridges had been severely damaged by shelling and rapidly deteriorated in the rains, which began again on 3 October, turning some areas into a swamp.
Dreadful ground conditions had more effect on the British, who needed to move large amounts of artillery and ammunition to support the next attack.

Poelcappelle ポエルカペル

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The increased tempo of attack allowed by the systematic planning and decentralisation of responsibility from army to corps and divisions and the reduction of much of the planning to a routine, led to the time between attacks being further reduced. Faster attack preparations reduced the time available for artillery to prepare assaults, which combined with the return of heavy rain after 4 October, substantially to reduce British artillery support during the battles of Poelcapelle on 9 October and the First Battle of Passchendaele on 12 October. As optimism at the possibility of advancing over the Passchendaele watershed increased the weather broke.
⇒体系的な計画、方面軍から軍団や師団への責任の分散化、および計画の大部分をルーチン化すなわち圧縮したことで可能となった攻撃速度の増進が、さらに攻撃の間の時間短縮をもたらした。攻撃準備がより速くなったため、砲兵隊にとっては急襲の準備に使える時間が減少した。それが10月4日以降の豪雨の再来と結合して、10月9日の「パッシェンデールの戦い」や、10月12日の「第1次ポエルカッペルの戦い」の間の英国軍による砲兵隊支援を実質的に減らしてしまった。パッシェンデールへの進軍の可能性を楽観できるか否かは、天候の崩れが重大な分岐点になった。

＞Victoria Cross
Acting Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Bent of the 7th Division, 1 October.
Nine Victoria Crosses awarded during the Battle of Broodseinde, 4 October.
Acting Sergeant-Major James Ockendon, of the 29th Division.
Acting Captain Clement Robertson, of the Royal Tank Regiment.
Sergeant Charles Harry Coverdale, from the 11th Division.
Acting Corporal Fred Greaves, of the 11th Division.
Private Arthur Hutt, from the 48th Division.
Sergeant Lewis McGee, of the Australian 3rd Division.
Lance-Corporal Walter Peeler, from the Australian 3rd Division.
Acting Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Pugh Evans, of the 21st Division.
Private Thomas Henry Sage from the 37th Division.
⇒ビクトリア十字勲章（受章者）
第7師団の中佐代理フィリップ・ベント、10月1日。
「ブルードサインデの戦い」の間に授与された9個のビクトリア十字章、10月4日。
第29師団の特務軍曹代理ジェームズ・オッケンドン。
王立戦車連隊の大尉代理クレメント・ロバートソン。
第11師団からの、軍曹チャールズ・ハリー・カヴァーデール。
第11師団の伍長代理のフレッド・グリーヴス。
第48師団からの、兵卒アーサー・ハット。
オーストラリア軍第3師団の軍曹ルイス・マギー。
オーストラリア軍第3師団からの、臨時伍長ウォルター・ピーラー。
第21師団の中佐代理ルイス・ピュー・エヴァンス。
第37師団からの、兵卒トーマス・ヘンリー・セージ。

＞The Battle of Poelcappelle was fought in Flanders on 9 October 1917 by the British and German armies, during the First World War and marked the end of the string of highly successful British attacks in late September and early October, during the Third Battle of Ypres. Only the supporting attack in the north achieved a substantial advance. On the main front the German defences withstood the limited amount of artillery fire managed by the British after the attack of 4 October. The ground along the main ridges had been severely damaged by shelling and rapidly deteriorated in the rains, which began again on 3 October, turning some areas into a swamp.
⇒「ポエルカッペルの戦い」は、第一次世界大戦間の1917年10月9日にフランドルで英国軍とドイツ軍とが戦った。そして、9月末から10月初めにかけての「第3次イープルの戦い」の間の、一連の英国攻撃の大成功をもって、その終焉が画された。（ただ）大きな進軍が達成されたのは、北方での支援攻撃だけであった。10月4日の攻撃以降、英国軍によって行われた大砲火には量的な制限があって、主要前線におけるドイツ軍防御隊はこれに持ち堪えていた。主要な尾根に沿った地面は砲撃によって深刻な損害を被り、10月3日に再度雨が始まって数か所の地域が湿地に変わったので、状況は急速に悪化した。

＞Dreadful ground conditions had more effect on the British, who needed to move large amounts of artillery and ammunition to support the next attack.
⇒恐ろしい地面条件は、次の攻撃を支援するために、大量の大砲と弾薬を動かす必要に迫られた英国軍にとってより大きな影響があった。

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