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3. Experimental results
Experiments were carried out by using a round spray, air atomizing nozzle (Spraying Systems Co. Series1/4J, fluid cap ]2050 and air cap ]64) and a steel ringelectrode (i.d. 24 mm, o.d. 30 mm) mounted 10mm in front of the nozzle. The nozzle produces a liquid jet of 1mm diameter and it breaks up by aerodynamic forces within the charging region. The experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 2. Ordinary tap water was used and the liquid reservoir was isolated from ground by Teflon plates. The nozzle–target region was enclosed in a cylindrical screen electrode 1m in diameter. The charge flow in the system was identified as nozzle current (I1), electrode current (I2), target current (I3) and drift current (I4). Charge conservation requires that I1 ¼ I2 þ I3 þ I 4: The system was tested through a range of parameters: air pressure 30–50 psi, liquid flow rate 56 ml/min and voltage 1–10 kV. The results presented here are representative values. Two typical conditions are shown: (1) nozzle-to-target distance x ¼ 0:2m; where the space charge is small; (2) x ¼ 1:0m; where the space charge is significant. The results are shown in Fig. 3.