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質問

Falkenhayn reconsidered German strategy, because Vernichtungsstrategie and a dictated peace against France and Russia, were beyond German resources. Falkenhayn intended to detach Russia or France from the Allied coalition, by diplomatic as well as military action. A strategy of attrition (Ermattungsstrategie), would make the cost of the war was too great for the Allies to bear, until one enemy negotiated an end to the war. The remaining belligerents would have to come to terms or face the German army concentrated on the remaining front and capable of obtaining a decisive victory.
Mad minute
In 2010, Sheldon wrote that a mad minute of accurate rapid rifle-fire, was held to have persuaded German troops that they were opposed by machine-guns. This was a false notion, picked out of a translation of Die Schlacht an der Yser und bei Ypern im Herbst 1914 (1918), which the Official Historians used in lieu of authoritative sources, during the writing of the 1914 volumes of the British Official History, the first editions of which were published in 1922 and 1925,
The British and French artillery fired as rapidly as they knew how and over every bush, hedge and fragment of wall floated a thin film of smoke, betraying a machine-gun rattling out bullets.
— Sheldon
Sheldon wrote that the translation was inaccurate and ignored many references to the combined fire of rifles and machine-guns,
The British, most of whom had experience gained through long years of campaigning against cunning opponents in close country, let the attackers get to close range then, from hedges, houses and trees, opened up with withering rifle and machine-gun fire from point blank range.
— Sheldon
typical of German regimental histories. The British fired short bursts at close range, to conserve ammunition. Sheldon also wrote that German troops knew the firing characteristics of machine-guns and kept still until French Hotchkiss M1909 and Hotchkiss M1914 machine-guns, which had ammunition in 24- and 30-round strips, were reloading.
Kindermord
BEF casualties
August–December 1914
Month
Losses
August
14,409
September
15,189
October
30,192
November
24,785
December
11,079
Total
95,654
Sheldon wrote that a German description of the fate of the new reserve corps as Kindermord (massacre of the innocents), in a communiqué of 11 November 1914, was misleading. Claims that up to 75 percent of the manpower of the reserve corps were student volunteers, who attacked while singing Deutschland über alles began a myth. After the war, most regiments which had fought in Flanders, referred to the singing of songs on the battlefield, a practice only plausible when used to identify units at night.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Falkenhayn reconsidered German strategy, because Vernichtungsstrategie and a dictated peace against France and Russia, were beyond German resources. Falkenhayn intended to detach Russia or France from the Allied coalition, by diplomatic as well as military action. A strategy of attrition (Ermattungsstrategie), would make the cost of the war was too great for the Allies to bear, until one enemy negotiated an end to the war. The remaining belligerents would have to come to terms or face the German army concentrated on the remaining front and capable of obtaining a decisive victory.
⇒ファルケンハインは、ドイツ軍の戦略を再検討した。なぜなら、フェアニヒトゥンクストラテギー（殲滅戦略）と、フランス軍やロシア軍の強圧的和平はドイツ軍の（人的物的）資源を超えたからである。ファルケンハインは外交と軍事行動によって連合国軍からロシア軍かフランス軍を分離することを意図した。敵の一方が戦争の終結を切り出すまで消耗戦略を引きずるのは、連合国軍にとって戦争負担のコストが高すぎたことであろう。残りの会戦国は、話をつけて仲直りをするのでなければ、残りの戦線に集中して決定的な勝利を得そうなドイツ軍に直面しなければならないことになる。
※この段落、推測で訳しましたので、誤訳があるかも知れません。その節は悪しからず。

＞Mad minute
　In 2010, Sheldon wrote that a mad minute of accurate rapid rifle-fire, was held to have persuaded German troops that they were opposed by machine-guns. This was a false notion, picked out of a translation of Die Schlacht an der Yser und bei Ypern im Herbst 1914 (1918), which the Official Historians used in lieu of authoritative sources, during the writing of the 1914 volumes of the British Official History, the first editions of which were published in 1922 and 1925,
　The British and French artillery fired as rapidly as they knew how and over every bush, hedge and fragment of wall floated a thin film of smoke, betraying a machine-gun rattling out bullets.　— Sheldon
⇒無謀な覚え書
　2010年、シェルドンは機関銃で対抗しているドイツ軍を説得させるために、正確な速射銃が発砲されたという、無謀な覚え書を書いた。これは誤った概念であり、英国公報史の執筆中に公報史家たちが権威ある情報源の代わりに使用したドイツ史「1914年秋のイーゼルの会戦」からの翻訳抜粋（1918）で、その最初の版は1922年と1925年に出版された。
　英国軍・フランス軍の砲兵隊は、でき得る限りの速射で、しかも浮遊する藪、垣根、壁の破片である煙の薄膜を越えて発砲し、機関銃を操って弾丸をブンブン唸らせていた。―シェルドン

＞Sheldon wrote that the translation was inaccurate and ignored many references to the combined fire of rifles and machine-guns,
　The British, most of whom had experience gained through long years of campaigning against cunning opponents in close country, let the attackers get to close range then, from hedges, houses and trees, opened up with withering rifle and machine-gun fire from point blank range.　— Sheldon
　typical of German regimental histories*. The British fired short bursts at close range, to conserve ammunition. Sheldon also wrote that German troops knew the firing characteristics of machine-guns and kept still until French Hotchkiss M1909 and Hotchkiss M1914 machine-guns, which had ammunition in 24- and 30-round strips, were reloading.
⇒この翻訳は不正確で、ライフル銃と機関銃を組み合わせた発砲に関する多くの言及を無視している、とシェルドンは書いている。
　英国軍は、その多くが接近する田園で狡猾な敵対者との長年にわたる野戦を通じて経験を積んでいたので、攻撃隊を射程内に近づけてから、垣根、家屋、木々から、機関銃で盲目の照準による砲撃を始めて、敵を怖気づかせるのであった。―シェルドン
　ドイツ軍の連隊史の典型*。英国軍は弾薬を節約するために近距離から短弾を発射した。
シェルドンはまた、ドイツ軍は機関銃の射撃特性を知っており、24砲弾と30砲弾で弾薬を補給していたフランス軍のホッチキスM1909型とホッチキスM1914型の機関砲が再装填されるまで静止していたとも書いている。
＊前に欠落があるようですが、このまま訳しておきます。

＞Kindermord　BEF casualties　August–December 1914
Month 　Losses
August：14,409
September：15,189
October：30,192
November：24,785
December：11,079
Total：95,654
⇒「キンデルモード」（罪のない者の虐殺）　BEFの死傷者　1914年8月－12月
月：損失
8月：14,409人
9月：15,189人
10月：30,192人
11月：24,785人
12月：11,079人
合計：95,654人

＞Sheldon wrote that a German description of the fate of the new reserve corps as Kindermord (massacre of the innocents), in a communiqué of 11 November 1914, was misleading. Claims that up to 75 percent of the manpower of the reserve corps were student volunteers, who attacked while singing Deutschland über alles began a myth. After the war, most regiments which had fought in Flanders, referred to the singing of songs on the battlefield, a practice only plausible when used to identify units at night.
⇒シェルドンは、1914年11月11日のコミュニケ（公式声明）で、ドイツの新しい予備軍団の運命「キンデルモード」（罪のない者の虐殺）に関する記述は誤解を招くものである、と書いている。予備軍団の人力の最大75パーセントが学生の志願兵であり、いたるところでドイツの神話を歌いながら攻撃した、と主張している。戦後、フランドルで戦った大部分の連隊は、戦場で歌う歌に言及していたが、これは夜間に部隊を特定するのに慣れているときにのみできた習慣であった。
＊この段落、誤訳があるかも知れませんが、その節はどうぞ悪しからず。

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回答ありがとうございました。