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With Allied assistance, they launched a coup which secured Thessaloniki and most of Greek Macedonia, causing the National Schism. In June 1917, the Venizelists gained full control of the country, immediately declaring war on the Central Powers and joining the Allied Army of the Orient operating on the Balkan Front. The Greek entry into the war along with the 24 division reinforcements that the Army had received in the spring of the same year had created a strategic advantage for the Entente.
On 30 May 1918, the Allies launched an offensive on the heavily fortified Skra salient, commencing the battle of Skra-di-Legen. Utilizing the cover of heavy artillery a Franco-Hellenic force made a rapid push into the enemy trenches, conquering Skra and the surrounding system of fortifications. Greek casualties amounted to 434–440 killed in action, 154–164 missing in action and 1,974–2,220 wounded, France lost approximately 150 men killed or injured. A total of 1,782 soldiers of the Central Powers became prisoners of war, including a small number of German engineers and artillery specialists that served in Bulgarian units; considerable amounts of military equipment also fell into Entente hands. The plan for a Bulgarian counterattack against Skra remained unfulfilled as the Bulgarian soldiers refused to take part in the operation. Both the Greek and the French press used the opportunity to extol the efforts of the Greek army, favorably influencing the Greek mobilization.
The fall of Skra prompted Bulgarian prime minister Vasil Radoslavov to resign on 21 June 1918. Aleksandar Malinov who assumed office immediately afterwards pursued secret negotiations with Britain, offering Bulgaria's exit from the war with the condition that Bulgaria fully retain eastern Macedonia. However, British prime minister David Lloyd George rejected the proposal, assuring the Greek ambassador in London Ioannis Gennadius, that Britain would not act against Greek interests.
In late July 1918, Bulgarian commander-in-chief Nikola Zhekov sent German Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg a message regarding a rumored Entente offensive, and detailed Bulgaria's inability to adequately defend the Vardar portion of the front. Zhekov requested that Germany immediately reinforce the Balkan Front, hinting that Austria-Hungary would also be required to strengthen its positions in Albania. On 17 August, Hindenburg pledged to provide Bulgaria with support once the situation on other front permits it. Hindenburg's reluctance to support Bulgaria was also manifested by the early September redeployment of the last German Jäger battalion stationed in Macedonia back into Germany.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞With Allied assistance, they launched a coup which secured Thessaloniki and most of Greek Macedonia, causing the National Schism. In June 1917, the Venizelists gained full control of the country, immediately declaring war on the Central Powers and joining the Allied Army of the Orient operating on the Balkan Front. The Greek entry into the war along with the 24 division reinforcements that the Army had received in the spring of the same year had created a strategic advantage for the Entente.
⇒連合国軍の援助を得て彼ら（自由党支持者）はクーデターを起こしてテッサロニキとギリシャ・マケドニアの大部分を確保し、「国民分離団体」を立ち上げるに至った。1917年6月、ヴェニゼリスト（ヴェニゼロス派）は国を完全に統制し、直ちに中央同盟軍に対する宣戦をして、バルカン前線で活動する連合国軍に合流した。ギリシャの参戦で同じ年の春に協商国軍が受け入れた24個師団の増援部隊により、彼ら協商国軍にとっては戦略的な利点が生み出された。

＞On 30 May 1918, the Allies launched an offensive on the heavily fortified Skra salient, commencing the battle of Skra-di-Legen. Utilizing the cover of heavy artillery a Franco-Hellenic force made a rapid push into the enemy trenches, conquering Skra and the surrounding system of fortifications. Greek casualties amounted to 434–440 killed in action, 154–164 missing in action and 1,974–2,220 wounded, France lost approximately 150 men killed or injured.
⇒1918年5月30日、連合国軍は、強固に要塞化されたスクラ突出部に攻撃をしかけ、スクラ・ディ・レジェンの戦いの開始となった。重砲撃の盾を利用して、フランス・ギリシャ軍は敵の塹壕に素早く押し込み、スクラと周囲の要塞システムを征服した。ギリシャ軍の死傷者数は、戦死者434～440人、行方不明者154～164人、負傷者1,974人で、フランス軍は約150人の死傷者を失った。

＞A total of 1,782 soldiers of the Central Powers became prisoners of war, including a small number of German engineers and artillery specialists that served in Bulgarian units; considerable amounts of military equipment also fell into Entente hands. The plan for a Bulgarian counterattack against Skra remained unfulfilled as the Bulgarian soldiers refused to take part in the operation. Both the Greek and the French press used the opportunity to extol the efforts of the Greek army, favorably influencing the Greek mobilization.
⇒中央同盟軍にとっては、ブルガリア軍部隊で役務していた少数のドイツ工兵と砲兵の専門家を含めて、総数1,782人の兵士が戦争捕虜になった。大量の軍事装備品もまた協商国軍の手に落ちた。ブルガリア軍の兵士が作戦行動に参加することを拒否したことで、スクラに対するブルガリアの反撃計画は未だ成立していなかった。ギリシャとフランス両国は報道紙面でギリシャ方面軍の戦闘努力を激賞し、ギリシャ軍の動員に好影響を与える機会として利用した。

＞The fall of Skra prompted Bulgarian prime minister Vasil Radoslavov to resign on 21 June 1918. Aleksandar Malinov who assumed office immediately afterwards pursued secret negotiations with Britain, offering Bulgaria's exit from the war with the condition that Bulgaria fully retain eastern Macedonia. However, British prime minister David Lloyd George rejected the proposal, assuring the Greek ambassador in London Ioannis Gennadius, that Britain would not act against Greek interests.
⇒スクラの陥落は、1918年6月21日、ブルガリアの首相ヴァシル・ラドスラヴォフの辞任を促した。直後に事務を引き受けたアレクサンダー・マリノフは、秘かに英国との交渉を追及して、ブルガリアがマケドニア東部を完全に保有するという条件で、ブルガリアの戦争撤退を提案した。しかし、英国の首相デイヴィッド・ロイド=ジョージは、ロンドン駐在のギリシャ大使イオアニス・ゲナディウスに、英国はギリシャの利益に反する行為をしないとしたこの提案を拒否した。

＞In late July 1918, Bulgarian commander-in-chief Nikola Zhekov sent German Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg a message regarding a rumored Entente offensive, and detailed Bulgaria's inability to adequately defend the Vardar portion of the front. Zhekov requested that Germany immediately reinforce the Balkan Front, hinting that Austria-Hungary would also be required to strengthen its positions in Albania. On 17 August, Hindenburg pledged to provide Bulgaria with support once the situation on other front permits it. Hindenburg's reluctance to support Bulgaria was also manifested by the early September redeployment of the last German Jäger battalion stationed in Macedonia back into Germany.
⇒1918年7月下旬、ブルガリア軍のニコラ・ツェコフ総司令官は、噂になっている協商国軍の攻撃に関するメッセージをドイツ軍の陸軍元帥パウル・フォン・ヒンデンブルクに送り、ブルガリア軍が前線のヴァルダール割り当て部分を適切に守ることができなかったことを詳細に述べた。ツェコフは、ドイツ軍にバルカン前線を直ちに強化することを要請し、またオーストリア・ハンガリー軍にもアルバニアでの陣地を強化する必要があることを示唆した。8月17日、ヒンデンブルクは他の前線の状況が許せば、ブルガリア軍に支援の提供を約束した。（しかし）ヒンデンブルクがブルガリアを支持することに抵抗を感じていたことは、マケドニアに駐留していた最後のドイツ軍であるイェーガー（狙撃兵）大隊が9月初めの再配置によってドイツ本国に戻ったことによっても明らかだった。

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