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質問

The Bulgarians, using information from escaped prisoners of war, determined that Entente forces would engage in hostile actions west of lake Ohrid, in Monastir, Dobro Pole or Human. On 27 August, the 2nd and 3rd Bulgarian Divisions stationed at Dobro Pole were ordered to make emergency preparations, as new evidence indicated a frontal assault on Dobro Pole along with a secondary attack on Human. By 7 September, Dobro Pole was reinforced by one machine gun company, six battalions and ten heavy howitzers, the head of Army Group Scholtz General Friedrich von Scholtz then stated that the defensive measures made the defense of the front feasible. Scholtz had failed to take into account the departure of Bulgarian chief of staff Nikola Zhekov and his subsequent replacement by Georgi Todorov. Widespread insubordination and desertions also plagued the Bulgarian troops who refused to participate in fortification works; poor rations and fatigue contributed to the low morale.
A day prior to the Entente offensive, General Louis Franchet d'Espèrey laid out the final plan for the operation. The first phase consisted of a combined Franco-Serbian attack on the positions of the 2nd and 3rd Bulgarian Divisions, which was expected to create a breach of the front line in the area of Dobro Pole, while also posing a danger to the Bulgarian supply lines on river Vardar. Τhe 1,875 metres (6,152 ft) Dobro Pole ("Good Field") peak dominated the region, providing excellent observation points for the defenders. Dobro Pole was surrounded by a well-developed system of trenches which, in combination with the rough terrain, made the area impassable for wheeled transport. Dobro Pole was, however, lower and less steep than the mountains on other parts of the front that averaged 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).
A second Anglo-Franco-Hellenic force would then attack the Bulgarian 1st Army between the Vardar river and Lake Doiran, preventing it from forming new defensive positions in the area. The initial advance would allow the Armée d'Orient to progress in support of other units first to Prilep, Disma and Borran. In the meantime, an Anglo-Hellenic force would strike Mount Belasica, occupying the Rupel Pass. The Doiran sector had previously been subject to two major Entente offensives known as the First Battle of Doiran (August 1916) and Second Battle of Doiran (April–May 1917). Both engagements ended in decisive Bulgarian victories, forcing the Allies to limit their operations to small raids and harassing fire. Between 1916 and July 1918, Bulgarian defenses around Doiran underwent a period of considerable reorganization under the personal supervision of General Vladimir Vazov.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Bulgarians, using information from escaped prisoners of war, determined that Entente forces would engage in hostile actions west of lake Ohrid, in Monastir, Dobro Pole or Human. On 27 August, the 2nd and 3rd Bulgarian Divisions stationed at Dobro Pole were ordered to make emergency preparations, as new evidence indicated a frontal assault on Dobro Pole along with a secondary attack on Human. By 7 September, Dobro Pole was reinforced by one machine gun company, six battalions and ten heavy howitzers, the head of Army Group Scholtz General Friedrich von Scholtz then stated that the defensive measures made the defense of the front feasible. Scholtz had failed to take into account the departure of Bulgarian chief of staff Nikola Zhekov and his subsequent replacement by Georgi Todorov. Widespread insubordination and desertions also plagued the Bulgarian troops who refused to participate in fortification works; poor rations and fatigue contributed to the low morale.
⇒ブルガリア軍は、脱走兵の捕虜から得た情報によって協商国軍団がモナスチールのオーリド湖西、ドブロ・ポール、またはフマンで敵対的戦闘の交戦に出るだろうと判断した。8月27日、ドブロ・ポールに駐留していた第2・第3ブルガリア師団が緊急の準備を命じられた。それというのも、新しい証拠がドブロ・ポールに対する前線攻撃と、フマンに対する第2次の攻撃を示唆したからであった。ドブロ・ポールは、9月7日までに機関銃1個中隊、6個大隊、10台の榴弾砲によって強化された。ショルツ方面軍グループの長官フリードリッヒ・フォン・ショルツ将軍は、（事前の）防御措置を講じることによって前線の防御を実現することが可能であると述べた。ショルツは、ブルガリア軍のニコラ・チョコフ参謀長の退任とそれに続くゲオルギ・トドロフの交代を考慮に入れ損ねていた。広範囲にわたる不服従と暴挙はまた、要塞作戦への参加を拒否したブルガリア軍を苦しめた。貧弱な糧食と疲労が士気の低下に拍車をかけた。

＞A day prior to the Entente offensive, General Louis Franchet d'Espèrey laid out the final plan for the operation. The first phase consisted of a combined Franco-Serbian attack on the positions of the 2nd and 3rd Bulgarian Divisions, which was expected to create a breach of the front line in the area of Dobro Pole, while also posing a danger to the Bulgarian supply lines on river Vardar. Τhe 1,875 metres (6,152 ft) Dobro Pole ("Good Field") peak dominated the region, providing excellent observation points for the defenders. Dobro Pole was surrounded by a well-developed system of trenches which, in combination with the rough terrain, made the area impassable for wheeled transport. Dobro Pole was, however, lower and less steep than the mountains on other parts of the front that averaged 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).
⇒協商国軍の攻撃の前日、ルイ・フランシュ・デスペレイ将軍は作戦行動の最終計画を策定した。第1局面は、第2・第3ブルガリア軍師団の陣地に対するフランス・セルビア軍の攻撃を組み合わせたもので構成され、ヴァルダール川のブルガリア軍に供給ラインの危機を与えつつ、ドブロ・ポール地区前線の突破口を作ることが期待された。1,875メートル（6,152フィート）というドブロ・ポール（「良き戦場」）の頂上がこの地域を見下ろし、守備隊に優れた観測地点を提供していた。ドブロ・ポールは、よく整備された塹壕システムに囲まれ、それが荒れた地形と組み合わさって周辺を車輪付きの輸送には不向きな地域にしていた。しかし、ドブロ・ポールは、平均2,000メートル（6,600フィート）の他の前線部の山々よりは低く、それほど険しくはなかった。

＞A second Anglo-Franco-Hellenic force would then attack the Bulgarian 1st Army between the Vardar river and Lake Doiran, preventing it from forming new defensive positions in the area. The initial advance would allow the Armée d'Orient to progress in support of other units first to Prilep, Disma and Borran. In the meantime, an Anglo-Hellenic force would strike Mount Belasica, occupying the Rupel Pass. The Doiran sector had previously been subject to two major Entente offensives known as the First Battle of Doiran (August 1916) and Second Battle of Doiran (April–May 1917). Both engagements ended in decisive Bulgarian victories, forcing the Allies to limit their operations to small raids and harassing fire. Between 1916 and July 1918, Bulgarian defenses around Doiran underwent a period of considerable reorganization under the personal supervision of General Vladimir Vazov.
⇒第2次英仏ギリシャ軍団は、ヴァルダール川とドイラン湖の間のブルガリア第1方面軍を攻撃し、地域内における新たな防御陣地の形成を防ぐことにした。アルメ・ドリエント（東方）軍は、最初の進軍で他の部隊を支援しながら、まずはプリレプ、ディスマ、ボランへ進むことができるだろう。その間に、英国ギリシャ軍は、ルペル山道を占領し、ベラシカ山に突撃することとした。ドイラン地区は以前、「第１次ドイランの戦い」（1916年8月）と「第２次ドイランの戦い」（1917年4月～5月）として知られる協商国軍の大規模攻撃を2回受けていた。両者の交戦はブルガリア軍の決定的な勝利で終わり、連合国軍は作戦行動を小さな襲撃と銃撃戦に制限された。1916年から1918年の間に、ウラジミール・バゾフ将軍自身の個人的な監督のもとに、ドイラン周辺のブルガリア防衛隊はかなりの組織再編を行った。

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