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As the infantry advanced over the far edge of the ridge, German artillery and machine-guns east of the ridge began to fire and the British artillery was less able to suppress them. Fighting continued on the lower slopes on the east side of the ridge until 14 June. The offensive removed the Germans from the dominating ground on the southern face of the Ypres salient, which the 4th Army had held since the First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914). The Russian army launched the Kerensky Offensive to honour the agreement struck with its allies, at the Chantilly meeting of 15–16 November 1916. After a brief period of success from 1–19 July, the German strategic reserve of six divisions, captured Riga from 1–5 September 1917. In Operation Albion (September–October 1917), the Germans took the islands at the mouth of the Gulf of Riga and the British and French commanders on the Western Front, had to reckon on the German western army (Westheer) being strengthened by reinforcements from the Eastern Front, in late 1917. Haig wished to exploit the diversion of German forces in Russia for as long as it continued and urged that the maximum amount of manpower and munitions be committed to the battle in Flanders. Haig selected Gough to command the offensive on 30 April and on 10 June, Gough took over the Ypres salient north of Messines Ridge. Gough planned an offensive based on the GHQ 1917 plan and the instructions he had received from Haig. On the understanding that Haig wanted a more ambitious version, Gough held meetings with his corps commanders on 6 and 16 June, where the third objective, which included the Wilhelm Stellung (third line), a second-day objective in earlier plans, was added to the two objectives due to be taken on the first day. A fourth objective was also given for the first day but was only to be attempted at the discretion of divisional and corps commanders, in places where the German defence had collapsed.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞As the infantry advanced over the far edge of the ridge, German artillery and machine-guns east of the ridge began to fire and the British artillery was less able to suppress them. Fighting continued on the lower slopes on the east side of the ridge until 14 June. The offensive removed the Germans from the dominating ground on the southern face of the Ypres salient, which the 4th Army had held since the First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914).
⇒歩兵連隊が尾根の遠い端に進んだので、尾根東のドイツ軍の大砲と機関銃が砲火を始めたが、英国軍砲兵隊はそれを抑えることができなかった。戦いは、尾根東側のゆるい傾斜地で6月14日まで続いた。攻勢によってイープル突出部南面の優勢な地面からドイツ軍が取り除かれた。その地は、第4方面軍が「第1次イープルの戦い」以来保持していたところであった（1914年10月19日–11月22日）。

＞The Russian army launched the Kerensky Offensive to honour the agreement struck with its allies, at the Chantilly meeting of 15–16 November 1916. After a brief period of success from 1–19 July, the German strategic reserve of six divisions, captured Riga from 1–5 September 1917. In Operation Albion (September–October 1917), the Germans took the islands at the mouth of the Gulf of Riga and the British and French commanders on the Western Front, had to reckon on the German western army (Westheer) being strengthened by reinforcements from the Eastern Front, in late 1917.
⇒ロシア軍は、1916年11月15–16日のシャンティイ会議で同盟国と取り決めた協定を受け入れて「ケレンスキー攻勢」を開始した。ドイツ軍の戦略的6個予備師団が、7月1–19日の短い成功期間の後、1917年9月1–5日にリガを攻略した。アルビオン作戦行動（1917年9月–10月）では、ドイツ軍がリガ湾口で島を奪取したので、西部戦線における英仏の指揮官は、1917年後半、東部戦線からの増援によって強化されているドイツ軍の西部方面軍（ヴェストヘーア「西の軍隊」）を考慮せざるを得なかった。

＞Haig wished to exploit the diversion of German forces in Russia for as long as it continued and urged that the maximum amount of manpower and munitions be committed to the battle in Flanders. Haig selected Gough to command the offensive on 30 April and on 10 June, Gough took over the Ypres salient north of Messines Ridge.
Gough planned an offensive based on the GHQ 1917 plan and the instructions he had received from Haig.
⇒ヘイグは、ドイツ軍団のロシアへの転換が続く限りそれを利用したいと願って、人的資源と軍用品の最大量をフランドルの戦いに注ぎ込むべきであると主張した。ヘイグは、4月30日と6月10日の攻撃を指揮させるべくゴフを選び、そのゴフがメッシネス・リッジ北のイープル突出部を占有した。ゴフは、GHQ 1917年計画とヘイグから受け取った指示に基づいて、攻撃を計画した。

＞On the understanding that Haig wanted a more ambitious version, Gough held meetings with his corps commanders on 6 and 16 June, where the third objective, which included the Wilhelm Stellung (third line), a second-day objective in earlier plans, was added to the two objectives due to be taken on the first day. A fourth objective was also given for the first day but was only to be attempted at the discretion of divisional and corps commanders, in places where the German defence had collapsed.
⇒ヘイグがより野心的な戦闘形態を望むという理解に立って、ゴフは彼の部隊指揮官と6月6日と16日に会議を開き、そこで、当初の計画では2日目の標的であった、ウィルヘルム陣地（第3戦線）を含む第3標的を、1日目に奪取することになっている2つの標的に加えた。ドイツ軍の防御が崩れた場所では、第4標的も1日目に与えられたが、それはもっぱら師団および軍団指揮官の裁量で試みられることになっていた。

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回答ありがとうございました。