The various intellectual abilities can be divided into groups. One grouping distinguishes between “crystallized” and “fluid” abilities (Horn,1970). Crystallized abilities are determined largely by learning from the culture, and fluid abilities are determined largely by maturation, or physiological factors. For example, vocabulary, mechanical knowledge, and formal reasoning are crystallized abilities. Only training-even if informal-can teach a person a vocabulary, instill knowledge about machinery, and teach the rules of logic. Examples of fluid abilities are inductive reasoning, intellectual speed, and memory span.
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お礼
ありがとうございます。 助かりました。