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質問

The Germans were prevented from advancing further by Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI)'s counter-attacks and a night move by the 10th Brigade. The PPCLI held the line at a steep cost; their 700-man force was reduced to 150, who were in no shape to fight. After this, their unofficial motto—"Holding up the whole damn line"—is still used today.

Battle of Bellewaarde (24–25 May)
On 24 May the Germans released a gas attack that hit Shell Trap Farm and to the area around the north west, which was affected the most by the attack. A report of the event by Captain Thomas Leahy, of the 2nd Royal Dublin Fusiliers, shows that their C.O. Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Loveband suspected a gas attack and had warned all company officers. Later the Germans threw up red lights over their trench, which would signal a gas release.
We had only just time to get our respirators on before the gas was over us.
— Captain Thomas Leahy
German forces managed to advance and occupy the British line to north and left of the Battalion. The Battalion was now under heavy fire from the German forces. But with shellfire and the aid from the 9th Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders they managed to hold their trenches to the end.
Germans advancing under cover of enfilade fire, in small parties, finally occupied Battalion line by 2.30pm. Shelling ceased but rifle and M.G. fire remained accurate and constant, whenever a target presented itself, until dusk.
— The War Diary

By the end of the battle the Ypres salient was compressed, with Ypres closer to the line. The city, bombarded by artillery fire, was demolished. Although poison gas had been used on the Eastern Front, it surprised the Allies and about 7,000 gas casualties were transported in field ambulances and treated in casualty clearing stations. In May and June, 350 British deaths were recorded from gas poisoning. Both sides developed gas weapons and counter-measures, which changed the nature of gas warfare; the French and British used gas at the Battle of Loos in late September. Gas protection was somewhat improved with the issue of improvised respirators made from cotton waste pads impregnated with sodium hyposulphite, sodium bicarbonate and glycerin. The respirators made little difference, however, due to lack of training and the use of local contraptions and poorly made items imported from Britain. The "P helmet" (or "Tube Helmet") soaked in sodium phenate was issued by December 1915, and the PH helmet (effective against phosgene) was issued in early 1916.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Germans were prevented from advancing further by Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI)'s counter-attacks and a night move by the 10th Brigade. The PPCLI held the line at a steep cost; their 700-man force was reduced to 150, who were in no shape to fight. After this, their unofficial motto—"Holding up the whole damn line"—is still used today.
⇒パトリシア王女のカナダ軽歩兵隊（PPCLI）の反撃と第10旅団の夜間移動により、ドイツ軍のさらなる前進は妨げられた。PPCLIは高いコストを払いながらも戦線を保持した。700人の部隊が150人に減った。この後、彼らが非公式にモットーとした「呪われた戦線全体を保持する」は、今日でも使われる標語である。

＞Battle of Bellewaarde (24–25 May)
　On 24 May the Germans released a gas attack that hit Shell Trap Farm and to the area around the north west, which was affected the most by the attack. A report of the event by Captain Thomas Leahy, of the 2nd Royal Dublin Fusiliers, shows that their C.O. Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Loveband suspected a gas attack and had warned all company officers. Later the Germans threw up red lights over their trench, which would signal a gas release.
　We had only just time to get our respirators on before the gas was over us.　— Captain Thomas Leahy
⇒「ベルワールデの戦い」（5月24～25日）
　5月24日、ドイツ軍はシェル・トラップ農場とその北西部周辺を襲ってガス攻撃を放った。第2王立ダブリン火打石銃隊のトーマス・リーヒー大尉による事件報告では、彼らのC.O.（司令官）アーサー・ラブバンド中佐がガス攻撃を疑い、すべての中隊将校に警告したと述べられている。ドイツ軍は後で塹壕に赤い灯りを放ったが、それがガス放出の合図だったであろう。
　私たちは、ガスが私たちに降りかかる前に、人工呼吸器を装着する時間しかありませんでした。　—トーマス・リーヒー大尉

＞German forces managed to advance and occupy the British line to north and left of the Battalion. The Battalion was now under heavy fire from the German forces. But with shellfire and the aid from the 9th Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders they managed to hold their trenches to the end.
　Germans advancing under cover of enfilade fire, in small parties, finally occupied Battalion line by 2.30pm. Shelling ceased but rifle and M.G. fire remained accurate and constant, whenever a target presented itself, until dusk.　— The War Diary
⇒ドイツ軍団は何とか前進して大隊の北と左にある英国軍戦線を占領した。大隊は今や、ドイツ軍からの激しい砲火を浴びることになった。しかし、（援護）砲撃と第9アーガイル・サザーランド（スコットランド）高地兵隊の支援により、彼らは塹壕を最後まで保持することができた。
　少規模の数個小隊で、敵の射撃に隠れて前進したドイツ軍は、最終的に午後2時30分までに大隊戦線を占領した。砲撃は停止したが、標的が分かる限り、ライフル銃とM.G.（機関銃）の射撃は夕暮れまで正確かつ一定のままであった。　—戦争日誌

＞By the end of the battle the Ypres salient was compressed, with Ypres closer to the line. The city, bombarded by artillery fire, was demolished. Although poison gas had been used on the Eastern Front, it surprised the Allies and about 7,000 gas casualties were transported in field ambulances and treated in casualty clearing stations. In May and June, 350 British deaths were recorded from gas poisoning. Both sides developed gas weapons and counter-measures, which changed the nature of gas warfare; the French and British used gas at the Battle of Loos in late September.
⇒戦いの終わりまでに、イープルの突出部分が縮小され、戦線はイープルに近づいた。その都市部が砲兵隊に砲撃され、破壊された。東部戦線では毒ガスが使用され、連合国軍が急襲されて約7,000人のガス死傷者が救急車で輸送され、死傷処置施設で手当てを受けた。5月と6月に、ガス中毒による英国軍の死亡者は350人が記録された。双方ともガス兵器とその対抗策を開発し、それがガス戦の性質を変えた。フランス軍と英国軍は9月下旬の「ロースの戦い」でガスを使用した。

＞Gas protection was somewhat improved with the issue of improvised respirators made from cotton waste pads impregnated with sodium hyposulphite, sodium bicarbonate and glycerin. The respirators made little difference, however, due to lack of training and the use of local contraptions and poorly made items imported from Britain. The "P helmet" (or "Tube Helmet") soaked in sodium phenate was issued by December 1915, and the PH helmet (effective against phosgene) was issued in early 1916.
⇒次亜硫酸ナトリウム、重炭酸ナトリウム、グリセリンを含浸させた綿くず製パッドで作られた即興呼吸器の出現により、対ガス保護がいくらか改善された。しかし、訓練不足や地元（独自）のアイテムの使用、および英国から輸入された不完全製品のために、呼吸器は（以前と）ほとんど違いがなかった。ナトリウムフェノール塩に浸した「Pヘルメット」（または「チューブヘルメット」）が1915年12月までに出荷され、PHヘルメット（ホスゲンに対して有効）が1916年初頭に出荷された。

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回答ありがとうございました。