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質問

The 5th Cavalry Brigade and 9th Brigade committed 12th Lancers and Gough committed the 1st Lincolns and Northumberland Fusiliers from 9th Brigade, to retake the ridge and town. They failed at the ridge but the Lancers recaptured the town. The Lincolns and the Northumberlands lost about 30 percent of their strength trying to recapture the ridge. The 1st Cavalry Division in the Messines area fell back and the lost ridges exposed Messines to German artillery-fire. As long as Wytschaete (to the north of Messines) and Warneton (to the south of Messines) remained in British hands, it was possible to prevent a German breakthrough in the south. To safeguard their retirement, the British shelled Messines to prevent the Germans maintaining close contact. RFC aircraft were also busy, attacking German ground forces and harassing advancing columns. Elsewhere the Germans were less successful. The 3rd Pomeranian Division was brought up to drive the British back out of Wytschaete. The French rushed the 32nd Division of I Corps, to reinforce the British in the town and the 39th Division was assigned to recapture Messines. The 39th Division attack failed and the 32nd Division and the remaining British were pushed out of Wytschaete, by the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division of II Bavarian Corps; the Germans suffering many casualties attacking the French 32nd Division. By the morning of the 1 November, the Germans had secured the line and both towns but the ridges to the west of the Wytschaete–Messines line were held by the French 32nd Division. The British were exhausted and most divisions had been reduced to a shadow. The British 7th Division had only 2,380 men left and was withdrawn from the line and replaced by the 8th Division from Britain. The Germans had also suffered high losses and needed to pause to reinforce their formations. The front fell quiet, action being limited to raids by both sides and heavy shelling of Ypres by German artillery. The Germans made their last effort against Ypres on 10 November. The French had been able to use the undamaged railways behind their front, to move troops more quickly than the Germans, who had to take long detours, wait for repairs to damaged tracks and replace rolling stock. The French IV Corps moved from Lorraine on 2 September in 109 trains and assembled by 6 September. The French had been able to move troops in up to 200 trains per day and use hundreds of motor-vehicles, co-ordinated by two staff officers, Commandant Gérard and Captain Doumenc. The French used Belgian and captured German rail wagons and the domestic telephone and telegraph systems.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The 5th Cavalry Brigade and 9th Brigade committed 12th Lancers and Gough committed the 1st Lincolns and Northumberland Fusiliers from 9th Brigade, to retake the ridge and town. They failed at the ridge but the Lancers recaptured the town. The Lincolns and the Northumberlands lost about 30 percent of their strength trying to recapture the ridge. The 1st Cavalry Division in the Messines area fell back and the lost ridges exposed Messines to German artillery-fire. As long as Wytschaete (to the north of Messines) and Warneton (to the south of Messines) remained in British hands, it was possible to prevent a German breakthrough in the south.
⇒尾根と町を取り戻すために第5騎兵隊旅団と第9旅団は第12槍兵隊を（出陣）任命し、ゴフは第9旅団内から第1リンカーン隊とノーサンバーランド火打石銃兵隊を任命した。彼らは尾根で失敗したが、槍兵隊が町を奪還した。リンカーン隊とノーサンバーランド隊は、尾根を奪還しようとしたとき、彼らの軍勢の約30％を失った。メセン地域の第1騎兵師団が後退し、尾根を失ったことでメセンはドイツ軍の砲撃にさらされた。ウィツシェト（メセンの北）とワルネトン（メセンの南）が英国軍の手中に残っている限り、南方でのドイツ軍の突破口を防ぐことは可能であった。

＞To safeguard their retirement, the British shelled Messines to prevent the Germans maintaining close contact. RFC aircraft were also busy, attacking German ground forces and harassing advancing columns. Elsewhere the Germans were less successful. The 3rd Pomeranian Division was brought up to drive the British back out of Wytschaete. The French rushed the 32nd Division of I Corps*, to reinforce the British in the town and the 39th Division was assigned to recapture Messines. The 39th Division attack failed and the 32nd Division and the remaining British were pushed out of Wytschaete, by the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division of II Bavarian Corps; the Germans suffering many casualties attacking the French 32nd Division.
⇒彼らの退却を保護すべく、英国軍は、ドイツ軍が密接な接触を維持するのを防ぐためにメセンを砲撃した。RFC（王立航空隊）の航空機もドイツ軍の地上部隊を攻撃し、前進する縦隊の牽制に尽した。ドイツ軍は、これ以外の場所ではあまり成功しなかった。第3ポメラニア師団は、ウィツシェトから英国軍を追い出すために創立された。フランス軍は町中の英国軍を強化するために第I軍団の第32師団を急襲し*、メセンを奪還するために第39師団が任命された。第39師団の攻撃は失敗し、第32師団と残りの英国軍は、第IIババリア軍団の第6ババリア予備師団によってウィツシェトから追い出された。ドイツ軍はフランス軍第32師団を攻撃して多くの犠牲者を被った。
＊意味が曖昧ですが、文字通りに訳しておきます。

＞By the morning of the 1 November, the Germans had secured the line and both towns but the ridges to the west of the Wytschaete–Messines line were held by the French 32nd Division. The British were exhausted and most divisions had been reduced to a shadow. The British 7th Division had only 2,380 men left and was withdrawn from the line and replaced by the 8th Division from Britain. The Germans had also suffered high losses and needed to pause to reinforce their formations. The front fell quiet, action being limited to raids by both sides and heavy shelling of Ypres by German artillery. The Germans made their last effort against Ypres on 10 November.
⇒11月1日の朝までに、ドイツ軍は戦線と両方の町を確保したが、西のウィツシェト-メセン戦線の尾根はフランス軍の第32師団によって掌握された。英国軍は疲弊し、ほとんどの師団が影を薄めた。英国軍の第7師団には2,380人の兵士しか残っておらず、戦線から退却して、英本国から来た第8師団に置き換えられた。ドイツ軍もまた大きな損失を被り、自軍の編成強化のために休止する必要があった。前線は沈黙し、戦闘行動は両陣営による不意打ちとドイツ軍砲によるイープルの重砲撃に限定された。ドイツ軍は11月10日にイープル（攻撃）に取り組んだが、これが最後の奮闘となった。

＞The French had been able to use the undamaged railways behind their front, to move troops more quickly than the Germans, who had to take long detours, wait for repairs to damaged tracks and replace rolling stock. The French IV Corps moved from Lorraine on 2 September in 109 trains and assembled by 6 September. The French had been able to move troops in up to 200 trains per day and use hundreds of motor-vehicles, co-ordinated by two staff officers, Commandant Gérard and Captain Doumenc. The French used Belgian and captured German rail wagons and the domestic telephone and telegraph systems.
⇒フランス軍は、ドイツ軍よりも迅速に軍隊を動かし、彼らの前線の背後で損傷のない鉄道を使用することができた。そのドイツ軍は回り道を強いられて、損傷した線路の修理を待ち、車両を交換しなければならなかった。フランス軍の第4軍団は9月2日にロレーヌから109本の列車で移動し、9月6日までに集まった。フランス軍は1日最大200本の列車で軍隊を移動させ、2人の担当将校であるジェラール指揮官とドゥーメン大尉によって調整された何百台もの自動車を使用することができた。フランス軍はベルギー軍を使ってドイツ軍の貨車と国内用電話と電信システムを攻略した。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。