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質問

On 27 October, the Ottoman fleet put to sea under the guise of performing maneuvers. Enver had originally envisioned an encounter at sea in which the Ottoman's would claim self-defence, but Admiral Souchon conceived a direct assault on Russian ports. He would later say his intention was "to force the Turks, even against their will, to spread the war." The German battlecruiser, now known as Yavuz Sultan Selim, was to sail with two destroyers and a gunboat to attack Sebastopol. The light cruiser Breslau, now known as Midilli, protected cruiser Hamidieh, and the torpedo cruiser Berk-i Satvet were to attack Novorossiysk and Feodosia. Three destroyers were detailed for Odessa. On the way, one of these destroyers experienced engine trouble and was forced to turn back.
Russian naval officers were under specific instruction not to fire first on the Ottomans in the event of a confrontation. The Russian government wanted to make it clear to any third party that the Ottomans would be the ones to instigate hostilities.
Odessa
Shortly after 03:00 on 29 October, the destroyers Muavenet and Gairet entered the harbour of Odessa. From a distance of less than 70 yards (64 m), a torpedo was launched into the Russian gunboat Donetz, quickly sinking it. The two destroyers proceeded to damage merchant vessels, shore installations, five oil tanks, and a sugar refinery.
The destroyers had actually conducted their raid earlier than Souchon had intended, and the Russians managed to radio a warning to the forces in Sebastopol. By the time Yavuz arrived, the coastal artillery was manned.
Sebastopol
Just before 06:30, Yavuz sighted Sebastopol and proceeded to bombard the port for 15 minutes. During this time she exchanged fire with the pre-dreadnought Georgii Pobedonosets and shore batteries. Three heavy caliber shells from the batteries managed to damage Yavuz before she withdrew. The loaded Russian minelayer Prut happened upon the attack and was scuttled by her crew to avoid being detonated. Since Prut's arrival had been expected, the defensive minefield around the port was inoperative. By the time it was activated 20 minutes later, the Ottomans had cleared the area. Three Russian destroyers attempted to pursue, but their attack dissolved after the lead ship was struck by a shell. Feodosia

Novorossiysk harbour bombarded by the cruiser Midilli
At around the same time Hamidieh arrived off of Feodosia. Seeing no signs of armed opposition, a German and a Turkish officer went ashore to warn the civilian population before bombarding the port two hours later.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞On 27 October, the Ottoman fleet put to sea under the guise of performing maneuvers. Enver had originally envisioned an encounter at sea in which the Ottoman's would claim self-defence, but Admiral Souchon conceived a direct assault on Russian ports. He would later say his intention was "to force the Turks, even against their will, to spread the war." The German battlecruiser, now known as Yavuz Sultan Selim, was to sail with two destroyers and a gunboat to attack Sebastopol. The light cruiser Breslau, now known as Midilli, protected cruiser Hamidieh, and the torpedo cruiser Berk-i Satvet were to attack Novorossiysk and Feodosia. Three destroyers were detailed for Odessa. On the way, one of these destroyers experienced engine trouble and was forced to turn back. Russian naval officers were under specific instruction not to fire first on the Ottomans in the event of a confrontation. The Russian government wanted to make it clear to any third party that the Ottomans would be the ones to instigate hostilities.
⇒10月27日、オスマン軍の艦隊は機動演習を装って海上に向かった。エンベルはもともと、オスマン軍が自衛権を主張する海域での遭遇を想定していたが、スション提督はロシア港湾への直接攻撃を構想した。彼は後に、「トルコ人の意思に反してでも、戦争を拡大するために彼らを駆り立てるべきである」というのが私の意図だった、と言いたかったようである。現在ヤブツ・スルタン・セリムとして知られるドイツ軍戦艦が、セバストポルを攻撃するために2隻の駆逐艦と1隻の艦艇をもって航海することになっていた。現在ミヂリ号として知られる軽巡洋艦ブレスラウ号は巡洋艦ハミディエ号を保護し、魚雷巡洋艦ベルキ・サツベト号はノボロシスクとフェオドシヤを攻撃することになっていた。3隻の（特殊任務用）駆逐艦がオデッサに派遣された。これらの駆逐艦のうちの1隻は途中でエンジン故障を経験して、引き返しを強いられた。ロシア海軍の将校らは、オスマン帝国と対立があった場合でも最初に（自軍から先に）発砲しないように特別な指示を受けていた。ロシア政府は、オスマン帝国が敵意を煽ろうとしていることを第三者に明らかにしたかったのである。

＞Odessa
　Shortly after 03:00 on 29 October, the destroyers Muavenet and Gairet entered the harbour of Odessa. From a distance of less than 70 yards (64 m), a torpedo was launched into the Russian gunboat Donetz, quickly sinking it. The two destroyers proceeded to damage merchant vessels, shore installations, five oil tanks, and a sugar refinery.
　The destroyers had actually conducted their raid earlier than Souchon had intended, and the Russians managed to radio a warning to the forces in Sebastopol. By the time Yavuz arrived, the coastal artillery was manned.
⇒オデッサ（黒海沿岸の港）
　10月29日の03時直後に、駆逐艦のマウベネト号とガイレト号がオデッサの港に入った。ロシア軍の小型砲艦ドネッツ号に70ヤード（64 m）未満の距離から魚雷が打ち込まれたら、それは即座に沈んだ。2隻の駆逐艦が、商船、海浜施設、5塔の石油タンク、それと製糖所を損傷し続けた。
　駆逐艦隊は実際にスションが意図していたよりも早くから襲撃を実行していたので、ロシア軍は何とかセバストポルの軍隊に警告を無線連絡した。ヤヴズ号が到着する頃には、沿岸砲兵隊が配備されていた。

＞Sebastopol
　Just before 06:30, Yavuz sighted Sebastopol and proceeded to bombard the port for 15 minutes. During this time she exchanged fire with the pre-dreadnought Georgii Pobedonosets and shore batteries. Three heavy caliber shells from the batteries managed to damage Yavuz before she withdrew. The loaded Russian minelayer Prut happened upon the attack and was scuttled by her crew to avoid being detonated. Since Prut's arrival had been expected, the defensive minefield around the port was inoperative. By the time it was activated 20 minutes later, the Ottomans had cleared the area. Three Russian destroyers attempted to pursue, but their attack dissolved after the lead ship was struck by a shell.
⇒セバストポル（ウクライナの都市）
　06時30分の直前に、ヤヴズ号はセバストポルに狙いをつけて、15分間港への砲撃を進めた。この間、ヤヴズ号は旧式の弩級戦艦ゲオルギー号や沿岸砲兵隊と砲火を交わした。ヤヴズ号が撤退する前に、砲兵隊が何とか３発の重砲弾でヤヴズ号に損害を与えた。装填されたロシア軍の機雷敷設艦プルト号が偶然攻撃に出会って、（引火）爆発を避けるために乗組員は逃走に艦の舵を切った。港ではプルト号の到着が予想されていたので、港周辺の守備地雷原は機能停止（一時除去）された。（ところが）20分後に活動再開するまでに、オスマン軍がその地域を一掃した。ロシア軍の3隻の駆逐艦が追跡しようとしたが、彼らの攻撃は先導船が砲弾に襲われた後に消え去った。

＞　Feodosia　Novorossiysk harbour bombarded by the cruiser Midilli　At around the same time Hamidieh arrived off of Feodosia. Seeing no signs of armed opposition, a German and a Turkish officer went ashore to warn the civilian population before bombarding the port two hours later.
⇒フェオドシヤ（ロシアの都市）
□巡洋艦ミディリ号に襲撃されたノボロシスク港
　ほぼ同じ頃、ハミディエ号はフェオドシヤ沖に着いた。武装反対のサインを見ずに、ドイツ・トルコ軍の将校が、2時間後に港を爆撃するので、それに先立って民間人に警告するために上陸した。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。