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質問

Another reason why the victorious Allies decided to dissolve the Central-European great power, Austria-Hungary, a strong German supporter and fast developing region, was to prevent Germany from acquiring substantial influence in the future. The Western powers' main priority was to prevent a resurgence of the German Reich and they therefore decided that her allies in the region, Austria and Hungary, should be "contained" by a ring of states friendly to the Allies, each of which would be bigger than either Austria or Hungary. Compared to the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, post-Trianon Hungary had 60% less population and its political and economic footprint in the region was significantly reduced. Hungary lost connection to strategic military and economic infrastructure due to the concentric layout of the railway and road network which the borders bisected. In addition, the structure of its economy collapsed, because it had relied on other parts of the pre-war Kingdom. The country also lost access to the Mediterranean and to the important sea port of Rijeka (Fiume), and became landlocked, which had a negative effect on sea trading and strategic naval operations. Furthermore, many trading routes that went through the newly defined borders from various parts of the pre-war kingdom were abandoned.
With regard to the ethnic issues, the Western powers were aware of the problem posed by the presence of so many Hungarians (and Germans) living outside the new nation-states of Hungary and Austria. The Romanian delegation to Versailles feared in 1919 that the Allies were beginning to favour the partition of Transylvania along ethnic lines to reduce the potential exodus[citation needed] and Prime Minister Ion I. C. Brătianu even summoned British-born Queen Marie to France to strengthen their case. The Romanians had suffered a higher relative casualty rate in the war than either Britain or France so it was considered that the Western powers had a moral debt to repay. In absolute terms, Romanian troops had considerably fewer casualties than either Britain or France, however. The underlying reason for the decision was a secret pact between The Entente and Romania. In the Treaty of Bucharest (1916) Romania was promised Transylvania and territories to the east of river Tisza, provided that she attacked Austria-Hungary from the south-east, where defences were weak. However, after the Central Powers had noticed the military manoeuvre, the attempt was quickly choked off and Bucharest fell in the same year.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Another reason why the victorious Allies decided to dissolve the Central-European great power, Austria-Hungary, a strong German supporter and fast developing region, was to prevent Germany from acquiring substantial influence in the future. The Western powers' main priority was to prevent a resurgence of the German Reich and they therefore decided that her allies in the region, Austria and Hungary, should be "contained" by a ring of states friendly to the Allies, each of which would be bigger than either Austria or Hungary. Compared to the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, post-Trianon Hungary had 60% less population and its political and economic footprint in the region was significantly reduced.
⇒勝利した連合国が、ドイツの強力な支持者であり、急速に発展する地域である中欧の大国オーストリア‐ハンガリーを解散させたもう一つの理由は、その後ドイツが大きな影響を受けるのを防ぐことであった。西欧列強の主要な優先事項は、ドイツ帝国の復活を防ぐことであったため、その地域のドイツ同盟国、オーストリアやハンガリーが、連合国との友好国でしかもオーストリアやハンガリーよりも大きい国々の輪に「包含される」べきである、としたことである。ハンガリーのハプスブルク王国と比較して、「トリアノン」後のハンガリー人口は60％少なく、その地域の政治的・経済的な足跡（影響力）は大幅に減少した。

＞Hungary lost connection to strategic military and economic infrastructure due to the concentric layout of the railway and road network which the borders bisected. In addition, the structure of its economy collapsed, because it had relied on other parts of the pre-war Kingdom. The country also lost access to the Mediterranean and to the important sea port of Rijeka (Fiume), and became landlocked, which had a negative effect on sea trading and strategic naval operations. Furthermore, many trading routes that went through the newly defined borders from various parts of the pre-war kingdom were abandoned.
⇒ハンガリーは、境界線で二分される鉄道・道路網の同心円状集中型の配置のために、戦略的軍事インフラや経済インフラへの接続を失った。さらに、戦前の王国の他地域に依存していたため、経済の構造が崩壊した。また、地中海やリエカ（フィウメ）の重要な海港へのアクセスが喪失され、海岸線を持たないことが海上交易や戦略的海軍作戦に悪影響を及ぼした。さらに、戦前の王国の様々な地域から新たに定められた国境を通過する貿易ルートの多くが放棄された。

＞With regard to the ethnic issues, the Western powers were aware of the problem posed by the presence of so many Hungarians (and Germans) living outside the new nation-states of Hungary and Austria. The Romanian delegation to Versailles feared in 1919 that the Allies were beginning to favour the partition of Transylvania along ethnic lines to reduce the potential exodus[citation needed] and Prime Minister Ion I. C. Brătianu even summoned British-born Queen Marie to France to strengthen their case. The Romanians had suffered a higher relative casualty rate in the war than either Britain or France so it was considered that the Western powers had a moral debt to repay.
⇒民族問題に関しては、西欧列強は、新しいハンガリーやオーストリア国家の外に住む多くのハンガリー人（およびドイツ人）の存在によってもたらされた問題を認識していた。「ベルサイユ」（参席）のルーマニア代表団は、1919年に潜在的な移住出国を減らすために、連合国が民族線に沿ったトランシルバニア分割に賛成し始めたことを憂慮して〔要出典〕、（ルーマニアの）イオン・I.C.ブラチアヌ首相は彼らの主張を強化するため、英国出身の女王マリーをフランスに呼んだ。ルーマニア人は、英国やフランスよりも戦争における死傷者率が相対的に高かったので、西欧列強から返済してもらうべき人道的借金がそちらにあると考えていたのである。

＞In absolute terms, Romanian troops had considerably fewer casualties than either Britain or France, however. The underlying reason for the decision was a secret pact between The Entente and Romania. In the Treaty of Bucharest (1916) Romania was promised Transylvania and territories to the east of river Tisza, provided that she attacked Austria-Hungary from the south-east, where defences were weak. However, after the Central Powers had noticed the military manoeuvre, the attempt was quickly choked off and Bucharest fell in the same year.
⇒絶対数で言えば、ルーマニア軍は英国やフランスよりも死傷者がかなり少なかった。（なのに、上のような）決定の根本的な理由は、協商国とルーマニアの間の秘密協定であった。「ブカレスト条約」（1916年）では、ルーマニアは、防衛力の弱い南東からオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍を攻撃した場合、トランシルバニアとティツァ川の東側の領土を約束されていた。しかし、中央同盟軍がその軍事作戦に気づいた後、その企ては急速に窒息し、ブカレストは同年のうちに陥落したのであった。

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