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The Third Battle of the Aisne (French: 3e Bataille de L'Aisne) was a battle of the German Spring Offensive during World War I that focused on capturing the Chemin des Dames Ridge before the American Expeditionary Forces arrived completely in France. It was one of a series of offensives, known as the Kaiserschlacht, launched by the Germans in the spring and summer of 1918.The massive surprise attack (named Blücher-Yorck after two Prussian generals of the Napoleonic Wars) lasted from 27 May until 4 June 1918 and was the first full-scale German offensive following the Lys Offensive in Flanders in April.
The Germans held the Chemin des Dames Ridge from the First Battle of the Aisne in September 1914 to 1917, when General Mangin captured it during the Second Battle of the Aisne (in the Nivelle Offensive).
Operation Blücher-Yorck was planned primarily by Erich Ludendorff, who was certain that success at the Aisne would lead the German armies to within striking distance of Paris. Ludendorff, who saw the British Expeditionary Force as the main threat, believed that this, in turn, would cause the Allies to move forces from Flanders to help defend the French capital, allowing the Germans to continue their Flanders offensive with greater ease. Thus, the Aisne drive was to be essentially a large diversionary attack.
The defense of the Aisne area was in the hands of General Denis Auguste Duchêne, commander of the French Sixth Army. In addition, four divisions of the British IX Corps, led by Lieutenant-General Sir Alexander Hamilton-Gordon, held the Chemin des Dames Ridge; they had been posted there to rest and refit after surviving the "Michael" battle.On the morning of 27 May 1918, the Germans began a bombardment (Feuerwalze) of the Allied front lines with over 4,000 artillery pieces. The British suffered heavy losses, because Duchene was reluctant to abandon the Chemin des Dames ridge, after it had been captured at such cost the previous year, and had ordered them to mass together in the front trenches, in defiance of instructions from the French Commander-in-Chief Henri-Philippe Petain. Huddled together, they made easy artillery targets.
The bombardment was followed by a poison gas drop. Once the gas had lifted, the main infantry assault by 17 German Sturmtruppen divisions commenced, part of an Army Group nominally commanded by Crown Prince Wilhelm, the eldest son of Kaiser Wilhelm II.

Third Battle of the Aisne 第三次エーヌの戦い

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Third Battle of the Aisne (French: 3e Bataille de L'Aisne) was a battle of the German Spring Offensive during World War I that focused on capturing the Chemin des Dames Ridge before the American Expeditionary Forces arrived completely in France. It was one of a series of offensives, known as the Kaiserschlacht, launched by the Germans in the spring and summer of 1918.The massive surprise attack (named Blücher-Yorck after two Prussian generals of the Napoleonic Wars) lasted from 27 May until 4 June 1918 and was the first full-scale German offensive following the Lys Offensive in Flanders in April.
⇒「第3次エーヌの戦い」（フランス語：3e Bataille de L'Aisne）は、第1次世界大戦中の「ドイツ軍の春攻撃」で、アメリカ遠征軍が完全にフランスに到着する前にシュマン・デ・ダム・リッジを攻略することに集中した戦いであった。それは1918年の春と夏にドイツ軍が開戦した「カイザーシュラッハト」（皇帝の戦い）として知られる一連の攻撃の1つである。大規模な急襲「ブリュッケル・ヨーク攻撃」（ナポレオン戦争における２人のプロイセン将軍に因んで命名された）が、1918年5月27日から6月4日まで続き、フランドルでの「リィス攻勢」に続く本格的なドイツ軍の攻撃であった。

＞The Germans held the Chemin des Dames Ridge from the First Battle of the Aisne in September 1914 to 1917, when General Mangin captured it during the Second Battle of the Aisne (in the Nivelle Offensive).
　Operation Blücher-Yorck was planned primarily by Erich Ludendorff, who was certain that success at the Aisne would lead the German armies to within striking distance of Paris. Ludendorff, who saw the British Expeditionary Force as the main threat, believed that this, in turn, would cause the Allies to move forces from Flanders to help defend the French capital, allowing the Germans to continue their Flanders offensive with greater ease. Thus, the Aisne drive was to be essentially a large diversionary attack.
⇒ドイツ軍は、1914年9月の「第1次エーヌの戦い」から、（「ニベーユ攻勢」の中の）「第2次エーヌの戦い」でマンジン将軍がシュマン・デ・ダム・リッジを攻略する1917年までそれを保持した。
　「ブルッヒャー=ヨーク作戦行動」は、主にエーリッヒ・ルーデンドルフによって計画された。彼はエーヌでの成功がドイツ方面軍をパリ攻撃の範囲内まで導き入れることを確信していた。英国遠征軍を主要な脅威と見なしたルーデンドルフは、次にそれ（英国軍）は、フランス軍の首都防備を助けるために連合国軍をフランドルから動かしてくることにつながるので、ドイツ軍はフランドル攻撃をより容易に続けることができると信じた。かくして、エーヌの軍事行動は本質的に大々的な多角攻撃となった。

＞The defense of the Aisne area was in the hands of General Denis Auguste Duchêne, commander of the French Sixth Army. In addition, four divisions of the British IX Corps, led by Lieutenant-General Sir Alexander Hamilton-Gordon, held the Chemin des Dames Ridge; they had been posted there to rest and refit after surviving the "Michael" battle. On the morning of 27 May 1918, the Germans began a bombardment (Feuerwalze) of the Allied front lines with over 4,000 artillery pieces. The British suffered heavy losses, because Duchene was reluctant to abandon the Chemin des Dames ridge, after it had been captured at such cost the previous year, and had ordered them to mass together in the front trenches, in defiance of instructions from the French Commander-in-Chief Henri-Philippe Petain. Huddled together, they made easy artillery targets.
⇒エーヌ地域の防衛は、フランス第6方面軍司令官のドニ・オーギュスト・ドゥシェーヌ将軍の手に委ねられていた。さらにアレクサンダー・ハミルトン=ゴードン卿中将が率いる英国軍第IX軍団の4個師団がシュマン・デ・ダム・リッジを保持していた。1918年5月27日の朝、ドイツ軍は、4000門以上の巨砲で連合軍前線への砲撃を開始した。前年に膨大な費用でシュマン・デ・ダム・リッジ尾根が攻略された後、デュシェンがそれを放棄することに抵抗したので、英国軍は甚大な損失を被った。それで（英国軍は）、フランス軍司令官アンリ=フィリップ・ペタンからの指示に反して、前線の塹壕地帯で一緒に大量に集結するよう命じた。両軍が連携し合うということで容易な砲撃目標が立てられた。

＞The bombardment was followed by a poison gas drop. Once the gas had lifted, the main infantry assault by 17 German Sturmtruppen divisions commenced, part of an Army Group nominally commanded by Crown Prince Wilhelm, the eldest son of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
⇒砲撃に続いて毒ガス弾が放射された。ひとたびガス弾が引き上げられるや、カイザー・ヴィルヘルムII世の長男ヴィルヘルム皇太子が名目上指揮する方面軍グループの一員である、ドイツ軍の「シュトゥルムトルッペン」（突撃軍）第17師団の主力歩兵隊による襲撃が始まった。

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