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The sectors were linked across the inundations by single bridges and isolated from the rear by the Yser and Dunkirk canals, crossed by floating-barrel bridges called Richmond, Kew and Mortlake near Nieuport Bains and Barnes, Putney and Vauxhall near Nieuport. A permanent roadway crossed lock gates east of Nieuport and another bridge named Crowder was built later near Nieuport. In the centre of the front was a 2,000-yard (1,800 m) stretch, with no crossing over the Yser and no man's land was 65–80 yards (59–73 m) wide. There was very little cover for artillery in the area and machine-guns were vulnerable to stoppages from wind-blown sand.
The 1st Division and the 32nd Division took over and had only limited artillery support for several days, until the British artillery had completed the relief. Du Cane ordered that the positions were to be held at all costs but the main French defences had been built in the south bank and the bridgehead, which was 800 yards (730 m) deep from St. Georges to the coast, had been held as an outpost. Three breastworks gave limited protection from artillery-fire and there were no underground shelters for reserves. Tunnellers began work on dug-outs in the sand dunes but in early July, few had been completed. A defence plan for the bridgehead was issued on 28 June, relying mainly on artillery but of 583 guns in the Fourth Army, only 176 had arrived by 8 July, the remainder being with the First and Second armies, in support of operations towards Lens and Lille and due to arrive by 15 July. On the night of 6/7 July, German aircraft bombed the main British aerodrome at Bray-Dunes near Dunkirk, caused nine casualties and damaged twelve aircraft.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The sectors were linked across the inundations by single bridges and isolated from the rear by the Yser and Dunkirk canals, crossed by floating-barrel bridges called Richmond, Kew and Mortlake near Nieuport Bains and Barnes, Putney and Vauxhall near Nieuport. A permanent roadway crossed lock gates east of Nieuport and another bridge named Crowder was built later near Nieuport. In the centre of the front was a 2,000-yard (1,800 m) stretch, with no crossing over the Yser and no man's land was 65–80 yards (59–73 m) wide. There was very little cover for artillery in the area and machine-guns were vulnerable to stoppages from wind-blown sand.
⇒それらの地区と地区は、冠水地を渡る橋を通じてのみ結びついており、イゼールとダンキルク運河によって後衛部から分離されていた。樽の浮橋を渡ってニューポート・ベインズ近くのリッチモンド、ケウ、モルトレイク、およびニューポート近くのバーンズ、パトニー、ボクスホールと行き来した。前線の中央部に2,000ヤード（1,800m）の空間があって、イゼールと交差することがなく、中間地帯は幅が65–80ヤード（59–73m）あった。この地域には大砲の隠し場がほとんどなく、しかも機関銃は風に吹かれた砂に弱く、操作停止になりやすかった。

＞The 1st Division and the 32nd Division took over and had only limited artillery support for several days, until the British artillery had completed the relief. Du Cane ordered that the positions were to be held at all costs but the main French defences had been built in the south bank and the bridgehead, which was 800 yards (730 m) deep from St. Georges to the coast, had been held as an outpost. Three breastworks gave limited protection from artillery-fire and there were no underground shelters for reserves.
⇒英国砲兵隊が救援・交替を完了するまで、第１、第32師団が数日間のみという限定で砲兵隊支持を受け継いだ。デュ・ケインは、陣地がぜひとも保持されるべきであるとしてこれを命じたが、フランス軍の主力守備隊が南岸に築かれていたので、サン・ジョルジュから海岸まで800ヤード（730m）の奥行きの橋頭堡が哨戒陣地として維持された。3つの胸墻（きょうしょう)は限定的ながら大砲砲火からの保護に役立ったけれども、予備のための地下避難所はなかった。

＞Tunnellers began work on dug-outs in the sand dunes but in early July, few had been completed. A defence plan for the bridgehead was issued on 28 June, relying mainly on artillery but of 583 guns in the Fourth Army, only 176 had arrived by 8 July, the remainder being with the First and Second armies, in support of operations towards Lens and Lille and due to arrive by 15 July. On the night of 6/7 July, German aircraft bombed the main British aerodrome at Bray-Dunes near Dunkirk, caused nine casualties and damaged twelve aircraft.
⇒坑道作業員らが砂丘の避難壕の掘削を開始したが、7月上旬では、わずかしか完成されていなかった。主として大砲に頼る形で橋頭堡の防御計画が6月28日に出されたが、第4方面軍の583門の銃砲のうち、7月8日までにわずか176門しか届かなかった。そして残部は、レンズとリールに対する作戦行動で支援活動中の第1、第2方面軍に、7月15日までに到着することになっていた。7月6/7日の夜に、ドイツ軍航空隊がダンキルク近くのブレイ-ドゥーン（砂丘）で英国軍の主要飛行場を空爆して9人の犠牲者を引き起こし、12機の航空機に損害を与えた。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。