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Lieutenant-General William Birdwood, commanding the inexperienced Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), comprising the Australian Division and two brigades of the New Zealand and Australian Division, was ordered to conduct an amphibious assault on the western side of the Gallipoli Peninsula. The New Zealand and Australian Division normally also had two mounted brigades assigned to it, but these had been left in Egypt, as it was believed there would be no requirement or opportunities to use mounted troops on the peninsula. To bring the division up to strength, Hamilton had tried unsuccessfully to get a brigade of Gurkhas attached to them. In total ANZAC strength was 30,638 men.
The location chosen for the operation was between the headland of Gaba Tepe and the Fisherman's Hut, three miles (4.8 km) to the north. Landing at dawn after a naval gunfire bombardment, the first troops were to seize the lower crests and southern spurs of Hill 971. The second wave would pass them to capture the spur of Hill 971, especially Mal Tepe. There they would be positioned to cut the enemy's lines of communications to the Kilid Bahr Plateau, thus preventing the Turks from bringing reinforcements from the north to the Kilid Bahr Plateau during the attack by the British 29th Division which would advance from a separate beachhead further south-west. The capture of Mal Tepe was "more vital and valuable than the capture of the Kilid Bahr Plateau itself." Birdwood planned to arrive off the peninsula after the moon had set, with the first troops landing at 03:30, an hour before dawn. He declined the offer of an old merchant ship, loaded with troops, being deliberately grounded at Gaba Tepe. Instead, the troops were to travel in naval and merchant ships, transferring to rowing boats towed by small steamboats to make the assault.
First ashore would be the Australian Division, commanded by Major-General William Bridges. The 3rd Australian Brigade, known as the covering force, were to capture the third ridge from Battleship Hill south along the Sari Bair mountain range to Gaba Tepe. The 2nd Australian Brigade, landing next, were to capture all the Sari Bar range up to Hill 971 on the left. The 26th Jacob's Mountain Battery from the British Indian Army would land next and then the 1st Australian Brigade, the division's reserve; all were to be ashore by 08:30. The New Zealand and Australian Division, commanded by Major-General Alexander Godley, followed them; the 1st New Zealand Brigade then the 4th Australian Brigade. Only after the second division had landed would the advance to Mal Tepe begin. The planners had come to the conclusion that the area was sparsely, if at all, defended, and that they should be able to achieve their objectives with no problems; Turkish opposition had not been considered.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Lieutenant-General William Birdwood, commanding the inexperienced Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), comprising the Australian Division and two brigades of the New Zealand and Australian Division, was ordered to conduct an amphibious assault on the western side of the Gallipoli Peninsula. The New Zealand and Australian Division normally also had two mounted brigades assigned to it, but these had been left in Egypt, as it was believed there would be no requirement or opportunities to use mounted troops on the peninsula. To bring the division up to strength, Hamilton had tried unsuccessfully to get a brigade of Gurkhas attached to them. In total ANZAC strength was 30,638 men.
⇒ウィリアム・バードウッド中将は、オーストラリア師団とニュージーランド軍2個旅団を編成し、未経験のオーストラリア・ニュージーランド方面軍（ANZAC）を指揮してガリポリ半島の西側で水陸両面の攻撃を行うように命じられた。またニュージーランド・オーストラリア師団には通常2つの騎兵旅団が割り当てられていたが、半島で騎兵を使う必要や機会はないと考えられていたため、騎兵隊はエジプトに残されていた。ハミルトンは師団を強化するために、グルカ旅団を彼ら（の師団）所属にしようとして失敗した。ANZACの軍勢は総勢30,638人であった。

＞The location chosen for the operation was between the headland of Gaba Tepe and the Fisherman's Hut, three miles (4.8 km) to the north. Landing at dawn after a naval gunfire bombardment, the first troops were to seize the lower crests and southern spurs of Hill 971. The second wave would pass them to capture the spur of Hill 971, especially Mal Tepe. There they would be positioned to cut the enemy's lines of communications to the Kilid Bahr Plateau, thus preventing the Turks from bringing reinforcements from the north to the Kilid Bahr Plateau during the attack by the British 29th Division which would advance from a separate beachhead further south-west.
⇒作戦行動のために選ばれた場所はガバ・テペの岬と北へ3マイル（4.8キロ）のフィッシャーマンズハットとの間であった。海軍の砲撃の後、夜明けに最初の部隊が上陸し、971番ヒルの低い方の山頂と南の山脚を奪取した。第2の襲撃波は、そこを通過して971番ヒルの山脚、特にマル・テペを奪取することとした。そこに陣を張って敵のキリドバー高原への通信線を切断すれば、遠方の南西にある離れた上陸拠点から進んでくる英国海軍第29師団が攻撃する際にトルコ軍が北からキリドバー高原に援軍を連れてくるのを防ぐことができるだろう。

＞The capture of Mal Tepe was "more vital and valuable than the capture of the Kilid Bahr Plateau itself." Birdwood planned to arrive off the peninsula after the moon had set, with the first troops landing at 03:30, an hour before dawn. He declined the offer of an old merchant ship, loaded with troops, being deliberately grounded at Gaba Tepe. Instead, the troops were to travel in naval and merchant ships, transferring to rowing boats towed by small steamboats to make the assault.
⇒マル・テペの攻略は、「キリドバー高原自体の攻略よりも重要で高い価値」があった。バードウッドは、月が沈んだ後に半島から到着して、最初の部隊が夜明けの1時間前の03時30分に上陸することを計画した。彼は軍隊を乗せる古い商船の提供を拒否し、意図的にガバ・テペに上陸させた。代りに、軍隊は海軍船と商船で移動し、小型蒸気船の曳航するボートに乗り換えて襲撃することにした。

＞First ashore would be the Australian Division, commanded by Major-General William Bridges. The 3rd Australian Brigade, known as the covering force, were to capture the third ridge from Battleship Hill south along the Sari Bair mountain range to Gaba Tepe. The 2nd Australian Briga de, landing next, were to capture all the Sari Bar range up to Hill 971 on the left. The 26th Jacob's Mountain Battery from the British Indian Army would land next and then the 1st Australian Brigade, the division's reserve; all were to be ashore by 08:30.
⇒最初に上陸するのは、ウィリアム・ブリッジ少将が指揮するオーストラリア師団とした。援護軍として知られる第3オーストラリア旅団は、サリベア山脈に沿った南のバトルシップ丘からガバ・テペにまたがる第3尾根を攻略することになった。次に上陸する第2オーストラリア旅団は、左971番ヒルまでサリバー尾根の全範囲を占領することになった。英国インド方面軍からの第26ジェイコブ山岳砲兵隊が次に上陸し、次いで第1オーストラリア旅団、師団予備隊が上陸することになった。すべては08時30分までに上陸するものとした。

＞The New Zealand and Australian Division, commanded by Major-General Alexander Godley, followed them; the 1st New Zealand Brigade then the 4th Australian Brigade. Only after the second division had landed would the advance to Mal Tepe begin. The planners had come to the conclusion that the area was sparsely, if at all, defended, and that they should be able to achieve their objectives with no problems; Turkish opposition had not been considered.
⇒アレクサンダー・ゴドリー少将が指揮するニュージーランド・オーストラリア軍師団、それと第1ニュージーランド旅団、第4オーストラリア旅団が彼らに続く。第2師団が上陸し終えた後にマル・テペへの前進を始めることとした。計画者は、この地域は守りがまばらで、たとえ守備隊がいたとしても全く問題なく目標を達成できるはずだという結論に達した。トルコ人の対抗軍は考慮されていなかった。

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