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質問

On August 22, Alexeyev issued orders to his Fourth and Fifth Armies in an attempt to improve their position in the crash course they were now headed, aimed at a larger, flanking pair of armies. While these orders probably saved the Russian Fourth Army from a possible much worse defeat, it failed to change the nearly pre-ordained outcome of the battle. The battle raged for the following few days. The fighting was not characteristic of the trench warfare that would define the Western Front, and to a lesser extent the Eastern Front. Long term positions were never constructed since neither army could take the time to dig in. Instead, the battle was more fluid and involved a great deal of cavalry fighting since both sides had five and a half divisions of horsemen. Once routed, the Russians began a retreat towards Lublin with the also defeated Fifth Russian Army which had lost at Komarów. The victorious Austro-Hungarian forces followed, inflicting further losses on the Russians. Prit Buttar estimates 15,000 Austro-Hungarian casualties and 25,000 Russian, including 6,000 taken prisoner. Dankl would in 1917 be honoured with the highly prestigious Commanders' Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, which automatically conferred a barony upon him as Freiherr von Dankl; in 1918 he was further advanced to the title of count and took the title of Graf Dankl von Kraśnik. His performance handed the Austro-Hungarian Empire its first victory in World War I. However his time as a national hero would be short-lived; Dankl would later be pressured to withdraw toward Kraków. Later in the war he would be stationed on the Italian front where he would serve with much less distinction. The battle of Kraśnik had set off a chain reaction of engagements along the extensive Galicia front, including the action at Lemberg, in what would be referred to as the Battle of Galicia. Unlike the success enjoyed at Kraśnik, the Austro-Hungarians would eventually cave to Russian forces in a series of defeats. By September 11 they were forced to vacate this corner of their empire for a more secure position further south and west, beyond the San River.
On a more individual level, the battle was not only a key moment in the career of Dankl but in that of an up-and-coming cavalry officer of Finnish aristocratic descent, Carl Gustaf Mannerheim. Mannherheim led the Separate Cavalry Brigade of the Guard, a unit attached to Salza's Russian Fourth Army. He was awarded with the Sword of St. George for his role at Kraśnik and would later go on to be involved with the various other engagements in the Battle of Galicia.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞On August 22, Alexeyev issued orders to his Fourth and Fifth Armies in an attempt to improve their position in the crash course they were now headed, aimed at a larger, flanking pair of armies. While these orders probably saved the Russian Fourth Army from a possible much worse defeat, it failed to change the nearly pre-ordained outcome of the battle. The battle raged for the following few days. The fighting was not characteristic of the trench warfare that would define the Western Front, and to a lesser extent the Eastern Front.*
⇒8月22日に、アレクセイエフは第4、第5方面軍に命令を出し、現在衝突が進行中の陣地を改善するために、一対をなすより大きな側面隊としての方面軍を目指した。これらの命令は、ロシア第4方面軍をより劣悪な敗北から救ったかもしれないが、あらかじめ行方の定められた（敗戦が予測された）戦闘結果を変えることには失敗した。次の数日間、戦いは激しさを増した。戦闘は、西部戦線を特徴づけた塹壕戦ではなく、東部戦線はそれほどの広がりもなかった。*
＊この文、意味がよく分かりません。誤訳の節はどうぞ悪しからず。

＞Long term positions were never constructed since neither army could take the time to dig in. Instead, the battle was more fluid and involved a great deal of cavalry fighting since both sides had five and a half divisions of horsemen. Once routed, the Russians began a retreat towards Lublin with the also defeated Fifth Russian Army which had lost at Komarów. The victorious Austro-Hungarian forces followed, inflicting further losses on the Russians. Prit Buttar estimates 15,000 Austro-Hungarian casualties and 25,000 Russian, including 6,000 taken prisoner.
⇒どちらの軍も塹壕掘削のための時間が取れないため、長期的な陣地は建設されなかった。その代わりに、両陣営ともに5個半ずつの騎兵隊師団を擁していたので、多くの騎兵が戦いに関与して戦闘がより流動的であった。一旦敗北を喫すると、ロシア軍はコマロフで負けた第5ロシア方面軍ともどもルブリンに向かって退却を始めた。勝利したオーストリア‐ハンガリー軍が後を追って、ロシア軍にさらなる損害を与えた。オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍の死傷者は15,000人で、ロシア軍では捕虜6,000人を含んで25,000人であった、とプリット・バターは推定している。

＞Dankl would in 1917 be honoured with the highly prestigious Commanders' Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, which automatically conferred a barony upon him as Freiherr von Dankl; in 1918 he was further advanced to the title of count and took the title of Graf Dankl von Kraśnik. His performance handed the Austro-Hungarian Empire its first victory in World War I. However his time as a national hero would be short-lived; Dankl would later be pressured to withdraw toward Kraków.
⇒1917年、ダンクルは非常に権威のあるマリア・テレジアの軍隊司令官として十字章を授与され、フライヘル（男爵）・フォン・ダンクルとして自動的に男爵領を授かった。1918年、彼はさらに伯爵に昇進し、グラフ（伯爵）・ダンクル・フォン・クラシニクの称号を獲得した。彼の活躍によって、オーストリア‐ハンガリー帝国に第一次世界大戦での最初の勝利がもたらされたのである。しかし、国民的英雄としての（崇められた）時間は短命であった。ダンクルは後にクラコフに撤退するよう圧力をかけられることになる。

＞Later in the war he would be stationed on the Italian front where he would serve with much less distinction. The battle of Kraśnik had set off a chain reaction of engagements along the extensive Galicia front, including the action at Lemberg, in what would be referred to as the Battle of Galicia. Unlike the success enjoyed at Kraśnik, the Austro-Hungarians would eventually cave to Russian forces in a series of defeats. By September 11 they were forced to vacate this corner of their empire for a more secure position further south and west, beyond the San River.
⇒戦争の後期に、彼はイタリア軍の前線に駐留することになったが、軍役で目立ったことはほとんどなかった。クラシニクの戦いは、レンベルクでの戦闘行動を含み、広範囲のガリツィア戦線に沿った一連の交戦応報を引き起こしたので、それは「ガリツィアの戦い」と呼ばれた。クラシニクでの成功とは異なり、オーストリア‐ハンガリー軍は最終的に一連の敗北を喫して、ロシア軍に屈服した。彼らは9月11日ごろにサン川を越えてさらに南と西に入った帝国の一角をより安全な陣地のために空けるように強制された。

＞On a more individual level, the battle was not only a key moment in the career of Dankl but in that of an up-and-coming cavalry officer of Finnish aristocratic descent, Carl Gustaf Mannerheim. Mannherheim led the Separate Cavalry Brigade of the Guard, a unit attached to Salza's Russian Fourth Army. He was awarded with the Sword of St. George for his role at Kraśnik and would later go on to be involved with the various other engagements in the Battle of Galicia.
⇒より個人的なレベルでは、この戦いはダンクルの戦歴における重要な瞬間であるだけでなく、フィンランド貴族の末裔にして有望な騎兵将校、カール・グスタフ・マンネルハイムの戦いでもあった。マンネルハイムは、ザルツのロシア第4方面軍に所属する部隊の独立騎兵旅団を率いた。彼はクラウニクでの役割に対して「聖ジョージの剣」を授与され、後に「ガリツィアの戦い」における他のさまざまな交戦に関与することになる。

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回答ありがとうございました。