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German New Guinea consisted of north-eastern New Guinea and several nearby island groups that are now part of Papua New Guinea. First established in 1884, the main part of the colony was Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, in north-eastern New Guinea. The islands to the east were known as the Bismarck Archipelago and consisted of Neu-Pommern (now New Britain) and Neu-Mecklenburg (now New Ireland). With the exception of German Samoa, all German islands in the Pacific were administratively part of German New Guinea: the German Solomon Islands (Buka, Bougainville and several smaller islands), the Carolines, Palau, the Marianas (except for Guam), the Marshall Islands and Nauru. Although a relatively minor colony, it covered an extensive land area, totalling around 249,500 square kilometres (96,300 sq mi).
While the western half of New Guinea had been administered by the Netherlands since 1828, the eastern half was not annexed by any European power until the 1880s. In 1883, fearful of growing foreign influence—particularly the influence of Germany—the British colony of Queensland annexed the south-eastern part of New Guinea, against the wishes of the British government. This initiated German interest in the remaining third of the island and on 3 November 1884, the German flag was raised over Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, the Bismarck Archipelago (formerly New Britain) and the German Solomon Islands. On 17 May 1885, the German Emperor granted an Imperial charter to the newly founded Neuguinea-Kompanie (New Guinea Company) for this annexation, which was further extended to the Solomon Islands on 13 November 1886.
On 1 April 1899, the German government took formal control, establishing a protectorate. A treaty with Spain, signed on 30 July, ensured German control over several other island groups in the Pacific, and these were added to the protectorate of German New Guinea. The economic life of German New Guinea's small population of European and Asian settlers, as well as that of its Melanesian population, relied heavily on the export of copra and the import of goods and services. It remained a modest outpost, and by August 1914 only 1,273 Europeans lived in the colony, while there was also a small but significant number of Japanese, Chinese and Malays. Following Britain's declaration of war on Imperial Germany on 4 August 1914 at the outbreak of the First World War, Australia and the other members of the British Empire were automatically involved, with Prime Minister Joseph Cook stating on 5 August that "...when the Empire is at war, so also is Australia."

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞German New Guinea consisted of north-eastern New Guinea and several nearby island groups that are now part of Papua New Guinea. First established in 1884, the main part of the colony was Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, in north-eastern New Guinea. The islands to the east were known as the Bismarck Archipelago and consisted of Neu-Pommern (now New Britain) and Neu-Mecklenburg (now New Ireland).
⇒ドイツ領ニューギニアは、北東のニューギニアと、現在はパプアニューギニアの一部であるいくつかの近隣の島のグループで構成されていた。1884年に最初に設立された植民地の主要部分は、ニューギニア北東部のカイザー・ヴィルヘルムスランドであった。東の島々はビスマルク諸島として知られており、ノイ‐ポメルン（現在のニューブリテン）とノイ‐メクレンブルク（現在のニューアイルランド）で構成されていた。

＞With the exception of German Samoa, all German islands in the Pacific were administratively part of German New Guinea: the German Solomon Islands (Buka, Bougainville and several smaller islands), the Carolines, Palau, the Marianas (except for Guam), the Marshall Islands and Nauru. Although a relatively minor colony, it covered an extensive land area, totalling around 249,500 square kilometres (96,300 sq mi).
⇒ドイツ領サモアを除いて、太平洋の全ドイツ領諸島は行政的にドイツ領ニューギニアの一部であった。すなわち、ドイツ領ソロモン諸島（ブカ、ブーゲンビル、およびいくつかのより小さな島）、カロライナ、パラオ、マリアナ諸島（グアムを除く）、マーシャル諸島、およびナウルである。比較的小規模な植民地ではあったが、広大な土地面積を占め、総面積は約249,500平方キロ（96,300平方マイル）であった。

＞While the western half of New Guinea had been administered by the Netherlands since 1828, the eastern half was not annexed by any European power until the 1880s. In 1883, fearful of growing foreign influence—particularly the influence of Germany—the British colony of Queensland annexed the south-eastern part of New Guinea, against the wishes of the British government.
⇒ニューギニアの西半分は1828年以来オランダによって統治されていたが、東半分は1880年代まではいかなるヨーロッパ列強にも併合されなかった。1883年には、増加する外国の影響 ―特にドイツの影響― を恐れて、英国領クィーンズランド植民地がニューギニアの南東部を英国政府の希望に反して併合した。

＞This initiated German interest in the remaining third of the island and on 3 November 1884, the German flag was raised over Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, the Bismarck Archipelago (formerly New Britain) and the German Solomon Islands. On 17 May 1885, the German Emperor granted an Imperial charter to the newly founded Neuguinea-Kompanie (New Guinea Company) for this annexation, which was further extended to the Solomon Islands on 13 November 1886.
⇒これは島の残りの3分の1にドイツの興味を起こさせ、1884年11月3日に、ドイツ国旗がカイザー‐ヴィルヘルムランド、ビスマルク群島（旧ニューブリテン）およびドイツ領ソロモン諸島に掲げられた。1885年5月17日、ドイツ皇帝はこの併合のために新しく設立されたニューギニア会社に帝国憲章を授与し、それはさらに1886年11月13日にソロモン諸島に拡大された。

＞　On 1 April 1899, the German government took formal control, establishing a protectorate. A treaty with Spain, signed on 30 July, ensured German control over several other island groups in the Pacific, and these were added to the protectorate of German New Guinea. The economic life of German New Guinea's small population of European and Asian settlers, as well as that of its Melanesian population, relied heavily on the export of copra and the import of goods and services.
⇒1899年4月1日、ドイツ政府は正式な統制を敷き、保護領を設立した。7月30日に調印されたスペインとの条約は、太平洋の他のいくつかの島のグループに対するドイツの支配が保証されたことで、これらがドイツのニューギニア保護領に加えられた。ドイツ領ニューギニアの少人数のヨーロッパ人およびアジア人の入植者の経済生活は、ドイツ領メラネシア人のそれと同様、コプラ（ヤシ油）の輸出および商品やサービスの輸入に大きく依存していた。

＞It remained a modest outpost, and by August 1914 only 1,273 Europeans lived in the colony, while there was also a small but significant number of Japanese, Chinese and Malays. Following Britain's declaration of war on Imperial Germany on 4 August 1914 at the outbreak of the First World War, Australia and the other members of the British Empire were automatically involved, with Prime Minister Joseph Cook stating on 5 August that "...when the Empire is at war, so also is Australia."
⇒それは控えめな前哨基地であり、1914年8月までに植民地に住むヨーロッパ人は1,273人だけであった。一方、日本人、中国人、マレーシア人も少数いて、それはまたそれなりの意味があった。第一次世界大戦が勃発した1914年8月4日に帝国ドイツに対する英国の宣戦布告があった後、オーストラリアおよび大英帝国傘下の他の構成国は自動的に戦争に関与することとなって、ジョセフ・クック首相は8月5日にこう述べた。「…今やわが帝国は戦時下にありますが、オーストラリアもまた同様であります」。

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