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質問

The day before, the Ottoman government had proposed to Wangenheim that a fictitious purchase of the German ships be arranged, so their presence would not compromise Ottoman neutrality. The next day the German Chancellor had cabled Wagenheim, rejecting the idea and demanding that the Ottomans immediately join the war. The Grand Vizier accosted Wagenheim on the premature arrival of the ships and repeated the demand for a fictitious sale. The Ottoman government subsequently declared that it had purchased both ships for 80 million German marks. On 14 August, Wagenheim advised the German government that it would be best to go along with the sale, lest they risk angering the Ottomans.
On 16 August, the ships were formally integrated into the Ottoman Navy while their crews were given new uniforms and formally reenlisted. The British had thought this action was meant to counterbalance their seizure of the Ottoman battleships, but this was not strictly the case. The Ottomans feared the Entente, particularly Russia, would attempt to partition the empire if they won the war, whereas Germany and Austria-Hungary would not. Once the British became aware of this, they feared that the Ottomans were more likely to enter the conflict in Germany's favour. Following Russia's failures in its operations against Germany in late August, Russian incursion in Ottoman territory seemed unlikely. Meanwhile, the Ottoman officials reached neutrality agreements with the governments of Greece and Romania while Bulgaria displayed pro-German tenancies, alleviating their fears of a Balkan threat. Enver then began to move his defensive policy towards an aggressive one. In a discussion over the weekend of 12–13 September, Enver gave Souchon permission to take his ships into the Black Sea to perform maneuvers. The Ottoman naval minister, Ahmed Djemal, discovered Souchon's plans and strictly forbade him from moving out of the Bosphorus. The Ottoman cabinet debated the matter over the next few days, and on 17 September Enver told Souchon that his authorisation to operate in the Black Sea was "withdrawn until further notice." Furious, Souchon went ashore the next day and berated Grand Vizier Halim for his government's "faithless and indecisive behavior" while threatening to take matters into his own hands and "behave as dictated by the conscience of a military officer." He subsequently demanded that Enver, at the very least, allow the German light cruiser to stage exercises near the mouth of the Bosphorus with several Ottoman destroyers. Here Souchon hoped the ships could engage the Russian Black Sea Fleet and bring the Ottoman Empire into the war. Enver promised to do what he could.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The day before, the Ottoman government had proposed to Wangenheim that a fictitious purchase of the German ships be arranged, so their presence would not compromise Ottoman neutrality. The next day the German Chancellor had cabled Wagenheim, rejecting the idea and demanding that the Ottomans immediately join the war. The Grand Vizier accosted Wagenheim on the premature arrival of the ships and repeated the demand for a fictitious sale. The Ottoman government subsequently declared that it had purchased both ships for 80 million German marks. On 14 August, Wagenheim advised the German government that it would be best to go along with the sale, lest they risk angering the Ottomans.
⇒その前日（8月9日）、オスマン帝国政府はヴァンゲンハイムにドイツ艦船の架空購入を手配するよう提案していたので、それら（艦船）の存在がオスマン帝国の中立性を危うくするようなことはなかった。翌日、ドイツの首相はワーゲンハイムに電話をかけ、その考えを拒否し、オスマン帝国が直ちに戦争に加わることを要求した。高官知事（ハリム）は早すぎる船隊の到着でワーゲンハイムを非難し、繰り返し架空売却を要求した。オスマン帝国政府はその後、8000万ドイツマルクで両船を購入したと宣言した。8月14日、ワーゲンハイムはドイツ政府に、オスマン軍を怒らせる危険を冒さないように、売却を進めることが最善であると伝えた。

＞On 16 August, the ships were formally integrated into the Ottoman Navy while their crews were given new uniforms and formally reenlisted. The British had thought this action was meant to counterbalance their seizure of the Ottoman battleships, but this was not strictly the case. The Ottomans feared the Entente, particularly Russia, would attempt to partition the empire if they won the war, whereas Germany and Austria-Hungary would not. Once the British became aware of this, they feared that the Ottomans were more likely to enter the conflict in Germany's favour. Following Russia's failures in its operations against Germany in late August, Russian incursion in Ottoman territory seemed unlikely.
⇒8月16日、これらの船は正式にオスマン帝国海軍に統合され、乗組員には新しい制服が支給され、正式に再登録された。英国軍は、この行動がオスマン帝国の戦艦の差し押さえを相殺するための措置であると考えたが、これは厳密には当てはまらなかった。オスマン帝国は、協商国、特にロシアが戦争に勝った場合には帝国を分割しようとすることを恐れたが、ドイツやオーストリア‐ハンガリーは意に介していないようだった。英国軍はこれに気づくと、オスマン帝国がドイツに加担して紛争に参入する可能性が高いことを恐れた。8月下旬にロシアがドイツに対する作戦で失敗した後、オスマン帝国領土へのロシアの侵攻は起こりそうもなかった。

＞Meanwhile, the Ottoman officials reached neutrality agreements with the governments of Greece and Romania while Bulgaria displayed pro-German tenancies, alleviating their fears of a Balkan threat. Enver then began to move his defensive policy towards an aggressive one. In a discussion over the weekend of 12–13 September, Enver gave Souchon permission to take his ships into the Black Sea to perform maneuvers. The Ottoman naval minister, Ahmed Djemal, discovered Souchon's plans and strictly forbade him from moving out of the Bosphorus. The Ottoman cabinet debated the matter over the next few days, and on 17 September Enver told Souchon that his authorisation to operate in the Black Sea was "withdrawn until further notice."
⇒その間、オスマン帝国の当局者はギリシャ政府やルーマニア政府と中立合意に達したが、ブルガリアはバルカンの脅威に対する恐怖を軽減すべく親ドイツ保持の姿勢を示した。エンベルは、それまでの防御的政策を攻撃的な方針に向けて動かし始めた。9月12日‐13日の週末にかけての話し合いで、エンベルはスションに彼の船隊を機動させるため、黒海に持ち込む許可を与えた。オスマン帝国の海軍大臣アフメド・ヂェマルがスションの計画を発見し、彼にボスポラス海峡からの退出を固く禁じた。オスマン帝国の内閣はその後数日にわたってこの問題について討議し、エンベルは9月17日に黒海で活動するための許可は「さらなる通知があるまで撤回された」とスションに語った。

＞Furious, Souchon went ashore the next day and berated Grand Vizier Halim for his government's "faithless and indecisive behavior" while threatening to take matters into his own hands and "behave as dictated by the conscience of a military officer." He subsequently demanded that Enver, at the very least, allow the German light cruiser to stage exercises near the mouth of the Bosphorus with several Ottoman destroyers. Here Souchon hoped the ships could engage the Russian Black Sea Fleet and bring the Ottoman Empire into the war. Enver promised to do what he could.
⇒スションは激怒して、次の日に上陸し、彼自身の手で問題を携えて行って脅しをかけ、「軍事将校としての良心に命じられるままに振舞い」ながら高官知事ハリムの政府の「不誠実で優柔不断な行動」を叱責した。彼はその後、少なくとも、ドイツ軍軽巡洋艦がオスマン帝国の駆逐艦数隻を使って、ボスポラス海峡口近くで演習することを認めるようエンベルに要求した。スションは、この海域で船隊がロシア軍の黒海艦隊と交戦することでオスマン帝国を戦争に参入させることを望んだ。エンベルは、できる限りのことをする、と約束した。

お礼

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