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The idea for a general economic and financial conference of European nations had roots in a January 1922 session of the Supreme War Council held in Cannes. With Europe facing an economic catastrophe brought about by half a decade of World War, marked by millions of deaths, shattered infrastructure, and vast sums of squandered economic resources, British prime minister David Lloyd George sought an authoritative international gathering to set Europe's political and financial house in order, and to firmly establish his leadership at home.
The formal proposal was made at Cannes on 6 January 1922 in the form of a draft resolution presented by Lloyd George and approved unanimously that same day calling for such a conference.
Lloyd George told his parliament that the primary intent of the conference was to provide for "reconstruction of economic Europe, devastated and broken into fragments by the desolating agency of war. The economy of Europe was at the point of collapse, Lloyd George noted:
"If European countries had gathered together their mobile wealth accumulated by centuries of industry and thrift on to one pyramid and then set fire to it, the result could hardly have been more complete. International trade has been disorganized through and through. The recognized medium of commerce, exchange based upon currency, has become almost worthless and unworkable; vast areas, upon which Europe has hitherto depended for a large proportion of its food supplies and its raw material, completely destroyed for all purposes of commerce; nations, instead of cooperating to restore, broken up by suspicions and creating difficulties and new artificial restrictions; great armies ready to march, and nations already overburdened with taxation having to bear the additional taxation which the maintenance of these huge armaments to avoid suspected dangers renders necessary." Lloyd George controversially sought the inclusion of Germany and Soviet Russia to the international conference as equal members, which met with the particular opposition of France, which sought to neutralize and isolate the two pariah nations of Europe by including them only in an inferior capacity. Any softening in the hardline stance towards Germany was perceived by France as a weakening of the Treaty of Versailles, of which it was a prime beneficiary and to which it was immutably committed.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The idea for a general economic and financial conference of European nations had roots in a January 1922 session of the Supreme War Council held in Cannes. With Europe facing an economic catastrophe brought about by half a decade of World War, marked by millions of deaths, shattered infrastructure, and vast sums of squandered economic resources, British prime minister David Lloyd George sought an authoritative international gathering to set Europe's political and financial house in order, and to firmly establish his leadership at home.
⇒ヨーロッパ諸国の総合的経済財政会議の構想は、1922年1月のカンヌで開催された「最高戦争会議」に淵源根源があった。ヨーロッパ世界は、約5年間にわたった世界大戦における何百万人もの死者、インフラの崩壊、膨大な経済資源の巨額の空費で引き起こされ経済大惨事に直面したので、英国の首相デイビッド・ロイド=ジョージは、ヨーロッパの政治・財政関係省庁を整備するために、国際的権限の集中と自国内での堅固な指導的地位を追求した。

＞The formal proposal was made at Cannes on 6 January 1922 in the form of a draft resolution presented by Lloyd George and approved unanimously that same day calling for such a conference.
⇒1922年1月6日、ロイド=ジョージがカンヌで提出した決議案の形で彼の正式な提案がなされ、その会議が招集された当日のうちに満場一致で承認された。

＞Lloyd George told his parliament that the primary intent of the conference was to provide for "reconstruction of economic Europe, devastated and broken into fragments by the desolating agency of war. The economy of Europe was at the point of collapse, Lloyd George noted: "If European countries had gathered together their mobile wealth accumulated by centuries of industry and thrift on to one pyramid and then set fire to it, the result could hardly have been more complete. International trade has been disorganized through and through. The recognized medium of commerce, exchange based upon currency, has become almost worthless and unworkable; vast areas, upon which Europe has hitherto depended for a large proportion of its food supplies and its raw material, completely destroyed for all purposes of commerce; nations, instead of cooperating to restore, broken up by suspicions and creating difficulties and new artificial restrictions; great armies ready to march, and nations already overburdened with taxation having to bear the additional taxation which the maintenance of these huge armaments to avoid suspected dangers renders necessary."
⇒ロイド=ジョージは、会議の主要目的は「荒廃した戦争作用によって壊滅的に破損したヨーロッパ経済の再建」を提供することであると述べた。ヨーロッパの経済が崩壊の危機にあったのである。ロイド=ジョージはこう指摘した。「ヨーロッパ諸国が何世紀にもわたって蓄積してきた動産と倹約貯蓄を集めて1つのピラミッドのように積み上げてそれに火をつけても（総動員をかけても？）、結果はほとんど完成しない（何の成果も出ない？）だろう*。国際貿易の秩序が全く乱されている。通貨に基づく交換という公認の商業活動手段が、ほとんど無価値で実行不可能になってしまっている。ヨーロッパがその食物供給品や原材料についてこれまで大く依存してきた広大な地域が、あらゆる商業目的にとって、完全に破壊されたのである。諸国家は、復旧のための協力をするどころか、疑惑、創造における難題、および新たな人工的諸制約制限によって破壊されて切っている有様である。進軍準備をする大軍隊、および、危険を避ける必要性のための莫大な軍備保持によって負わされる追加課税に耐えるための過剰な重荷を諸国家は背負っている」。
＊字面のみ訳しましたが、具体的に何を意味するか判然としません。

＞Lloyd George controversially sought the inclusion of Germany and Soviet Russia to the international conference as equal members, which met with the particular opposition of France, which sought to neutralize and isolate the two pariah nations of Europe by including them only in an inferior capacity. Any softening in the hardline stance towards Germany was perceived by France as a weakening of the Treaty of Versailles, of which it was a prime beneficiary and to which it was immutably committed.
⇒ロイド=ジョージは、ドイツとソビエト・ロシアを同等の構成国として国際会議に参加させようと議論をもちかけたが、フランスの強い反対に出会った。フランスはそのヨーロッパの下層2か国を中立化し、孤立させることに努めていたのである。ドイツに向けた強硬姿勢のいかなる軟化も、それをベルサイユ条約を弱体化するものとして認識するフランスは、この条約の一番の受益者として不断に関わり、口出しをしてきたわけである。

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