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On 5 May 1921, the reparation Commission established the London Schedule of Payments and a final reparation sum of 132 billion gold marks to be demanded of all the Central Powers. This was the public assessment of what the Central Powers combined could pay, and was also a compromise between Belgian, British, and French demands and assessments. Furthermore, the Commission recognized that the Central Powers could pay little and that the burden would fall upon Germany. As a result the sum was split into different categories, of which Germany was only required to pay 50 billion gold marks (US$12.5 billion); this being the genuine assessment of the Commission on what Germany could pay, and allowed the Allied powers to save face with the public by presenting a higher figure. Furthermore, payments made between 1919 and 1921 were taken into account reducing the sum to 41 billion gold marks.
In order to meet this sum, Germany could pay in case or kind: coal, timber, chemical dyes, pharmaceuticals, livestock, agricultural machines, construction materials, and factory machinery. Germany's assistance with the restoration of the university library of Louvain, which was destroyed by the Germans on 25 August 1914, was also credited towards the sum. Territorial changes imposed by the treaty were also factored in. The payment schedule required US$250 million within twenty-five days and then US$500 million annually, plus 26 per cent of the value of German exports. The German Government was to issue bonds at five per cent interest and set up a sinking fund of one per cent to support the payment of reparations.In February and March 1920, the Schleswig Plebiscites were held. The people of Schleswig were presented with only two choices: Danish or German sovereignty. The northern Danish-speaking area voted for Denmark while the southern German-speaking area voted for Germany, resulting in the province being partitioned.[69] The East Prussia plebiscite was held on 11 July 1920. There was a 90% turn out with 99.3% of the population wishing to remain with Germany. Further plebiscites were held in Eupen, Malmedy, and Prussian Moresnet. On 20 September 1920, the League of Nations allotted these territories to Belgium. These latter plebiscites were followed by a boundary commission in 1922, followed by the new Belgian-German border being recognized by the German Government on 15 December 1923. The transfer of the Hultschin area, of Silesia, to Czechoslovakia was completed on 3 February 1921.
Following the implementation of the treaty, Upper Silesia was initially governed by Britain, France, and Italy. Between 1919–1921, three major outbreaks of violence took place between German and Polish civilians, resulting in German and Polish military forces also becoming involved.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞On 5 May 1921, the reparation Commission established the London Schedule of Payments and a final reparation sum of 132 billion gold marks to be demanded of all the Central Powers. This was the public assessment of what the Central Powers combined could pay, and was also a compromise between Belgian, British, and French demands and assessments. Furthermore, the Commission recognized that the Central Powers could pay little and that the burden would fall upon Germany.
⇒1921年5月5日、賠償委員会は「ロンドン支払計画表」を設定し、中央同盟国全員に要求されるべき総額として1320億（兌換）マルクの最終的賠償額を設定した。これは中央同盟国が支払うことができるものの公的評価であり、ベルギー、イギリス、フランスの要求と評価の間の妥協でもあった。さらに、委員会は、中央同盟国列強があまり支払わない場合は、ドイツに負担がかかるだろうと認識した。

＞As a result the sum was split into different categories, of which Germany was only required to pay 50 billion gold marks (US$12.5 billion); this being the genuine assessment of the Commission on what Germany could pay, and allowed the Allied powers to save face with the public by presenting a higher figure. Furthermore, payments made between 1919 and 1921 were taken into account reducing the sum to 41 billion gold marks.
⇒その結果、総額は異なる範疇に区分けされて、ドイツは500億マルク（125億米ドル）のみの支払を要求された。これは、ドイツが支払うことのできる委員会の真の評価なので、連合国はそれより高い数字を提示することによって公共に対して面子を保つことが可能であった。さらに、1919年から1921年の間に行われる支払いは、合計額を410億マルクに減らすことが考慮された。

＞In order to meet this sum, Germany could pay in case or kind: coal, timber, chemical dyes, pharmaceuticals, livestock, agricultural machines, construction materials, and factory machinery. Germany's assistance with the restoration of the university library of Louvain, which was destroyed by the Germans on 25 August 1914, was also credited towards the sum. Territorial changes imposed by the treaty were also factored in. The payment schedule required US$250 million within twenty-five days and then US$500 million annually, plus 26 per cent of the value of German exports.
⇒この金額を満たすために、ドイツは、石炭、木材、化学染料、医薬品、家畜、農業機械、建設資材、工場機械設備などの現物で支払うことができた。1914年8月25日にドイツ軍によって破壊されたルーヴァンの大学図書館の修復に対するドイツの援助も合計額に加算された。条約によって課された領土変更も金額化されて組み込まれた。支払のスケジュールとしては、25日以内に2億5000万ドル、その後は年間5億ドルと、それに加えてドイツの輸出額の26％が要求された。

＞The German Government was to issue bonds at five per cent interest and set up a sinking fund* of one per cent to support the payment of reparations.In February and March 1920, the Schleswig Plebiscites were held. The people of Schleswig were presented with only two choices: Danish or German sovereignty. The northern Danish-speaking area voted for Denmark while the southern German-speaking area voted for Germany, resulting in the province being partitioned.[69]
⇒ドイツ政府は5％の利率で債券を発行し、償還の支払いを支援するために1％の償還積立金*を設定した。1920年2月と3月に、「シュレスヴィヒ国民投票」が開催された。シュレスヴィヒの人々にとっては、デンマークまたはドイツの主権の2つの選択肢しか提示されなかった。デンマーク語を話す北部地域はデンマークに投票し、南部ドイツ語圏はドイツに投票したので、その結果、州は分断された〔注69〕。
＊sinking fund「償還積立金」：公債を償還するための基金のことで、18世紀の英国で初めて採用された。「償還基金」「減債基金」とも言う。

＞The East Prussia plebiscite was held on 11 July 1920. There was a 90% turn out with 99.3% of the population wishing to remain with Germany. Further plebiscites were held in Eupen, Malmedy, and Prussian Moresnet. On 20 September 1920, the League of Nations allotted these territories to Belgium. These latter plebiscites were followed by a boundary commission in 1922, followed by the new Belgian-German border being recognized by the German Government on 15 December 1923. The transfer of the Hultschin area, of Silesia, to Czechoslovakia was completed on 3 February 1921.
⇒「東プロイセン国民投票」は1920年7月11日に開催された。投票率90％で、人口の99.3％がドイツに留まることを希望した。さらにエウペン、マルメディ、プロシア・モレスネットでも国民投票が行われた。1920年9月20日、国際連盟はこれらの領土をベルギーに配分した。1922年に国境委員会が開かれ、1923年12月15日にベルギーとドイツの新しい国境がドイツ政府に認可された。その後、1921年2月3日にシレジアのフルツヒン地区がチェコスロバキアに移管された。

＞Following the implementation of the treaty, Upper Silesia was initially governed by Britain, France, and Italy. Between 1919–1921, three major outbreaks of violence took place between German and Polish civilians, resulting in German and Polish military forces also becoming involved.
⇒条約の実施後、アッパー・シレジアは当初、英国、フランス、イタリアの支配下にあった。1919年から1921年の間に、ドイツとポーランドの民間人の間で3つの主要な暴動が突発し、ドイツとポーランドの軍隊も関与する結果になった。

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