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質問

The opposing forces were wholly German. During this period of the war, German divisions procured only 50 percent or less of their initial strength. The 117th Division, which opposed the U.S. 79th Division during the offensive's first phase, had only 3,300 men in its ranks. Morale varied among German units. For example, divisions that served on the Eastern front would have high morale, while conversely divisions that had been on the Western front had poor morale. Resistance grew to approximately 200,000–450,000 German troops from the Fifth Army of Group Gallwitz commanded by General Georg von der Marwitz. The Americans estimated that they opposed parts of 44 German divisions overall, though many fewer at any one time.
Objective
The Allied objective was the capture of the railway hub at Sedan that would break the railway network supporting the German Army in France and Flanders.

First Phase (September 26 – October 3, 1918)
"During the three hours preceding H hour, the Allies expended more ammunition than both sides managed to fire throughout the four years of the [American] Civil War. The cost was later calculated to have been $180 million, or $1 million per minute." The American attack began at 05:30 on September 26 with mixed results. The V and III Corps met most of their objectives, but the 79th Division failed to capture Montfaucon, the 28th "Keystone" Division was virtually ground to a halt by formidable German resistance, and the 91st "Wild West" Division was compelled to evacuate the village of Épinonville though it advanced 8 km (5.0 mi). The inexperienced 37th "Buckeye" Division failed to capture Montfaucon d'Argonne. The subsequent day, September 27 most of 1st Army failed to make any gains. The 79th Division finally captured Montfaucon and the 35th "Santa Fe" Division captured the village of Baulny, Hill 218, and Charpentry, placing the division forward of adjacent units. On September 29, six extra German divisions were deployed to oppose the American attack, with the 5th Guards and 52nd Division counterattacking the 35th Division, which had run out of food and ammunition during the attack. The Germans initially made significant gains, but were barely repulsed by the 35th Division's 110th Engineers, 128th Machine Gun Battalion, and Harry Truman's Battery D, 129th Field Artillery. In the words of Pershing, "We were no longer engaged in a maneuver for the pinching out of a salient, but were necessarily committed, generally speaking, to a direct frontal attack against strong, hostile positions fully manned by a determined enemy."

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The opposing forces were wholly German. During this period of the war, German divisions procured only 50 percent or less of their initial strength. The 117th Division, which opposed the U.S. 79th Division during the offensive's first phase, had only 3,300 men in its ranks. Morale varied among German units. For example, divisions that served on the Eastern front would have high morale, while conversely divisions that had been on the Western front had poor morale. Resistance grew to approximately 200,000–450,000 German troops from the Fifth Army of Group Gallwitz commanded by General Georg von der Marwitz. The Americans estimated that they opposed parts of 44 German divisions overall, though many fewer at any one time.
⇒対抗する軍団はドイツ全軍だった。この戦争の期間中、ドイツ軍の師団は初期戦力のわずか50％以下しか調達しえなかった。攻撃の第1段階の間に米国軍第79師団に対抗していた第117師団は、兵士が3,300人しかいなかった。士気は、ドイツ軍の部隊によって異なった。例えば、東部前線に役務した師団は高い士気を持ち、逆に西部前線にあった師団は士気が貧弱であった。ゲオルグ・フォン・デル・マルヴィッツ将軍が指揮するガルウィッツグループの第5軍団の約200,000～450,000人のドイツ軍隊は、抵抗勢力を拡大した。米国軍は、全体で44個のドイツ軍師団の一部に対抗していると見積もっていたが、多くの場合一度に出会うドイツ軍隊はそれ（見積り）より少なかった。

＞Objective
　The Allied objective was the capture of the railway hub at Sedan that would break the railway network supporting the German Army in France and Flanders.
　First Phase (September 26 – October 3, 1918)
　"During the three hours preceding H hour, the Allies expended more ammunition than both sides managed to fire throughout the four years of the [American] Civil War. The cost was later calculated to have been $180 million, or $1 million per minute." The American attack began at 05:30 on September 26 with mixed results.
⇒標的
　連合国軍の標的は、フランスおよびフランドルにおけるドイツ方面軍を支える鉄道網を破壊することにつながる、セダンの鉄道ハブ（中軸部）の攻略であった。
　第1段階（1918年9月26日～10月3日）
　「H（出撃）時間前3時間の間に、連合国軍は、〔米国〕内戦後4年間で〔南北軍〕両陣営が発射した弾薬よりも多くの弾薬を消費したが、後にそれは1億8000万ドル、すなわち1分間に100万ドル（ごとの消費）と算定された。米国軍の攻撃は9月26日の05時30分に始まった。

＞The V and III Corps met most of their objectives, but the 79th Division failed to capture Montfaucon, the 28th "Keystone" Division was virtually ground to a halt by formidable German resistance, and the 91st "Wild West" Division was compelled to evacuate the village of Épinonville though it advanced 8 km (5.0 mi). The inexperienced 37th "Buckeye" Division failed to capture Montfaucon d'Argonne. The subsequent day, September 27 most of 1st Army failed to make any gains. The 79th Division finally captured Montfaucon and the 35th "Santa Fe" Division captured the village of Baulny, Hill 218, and Charpentry, placing the division forward of adjacent units.
⇒第V・第III軍団はほとんど標的を物したが、第79師団はモンフォコンを攻略しそこない、第28「キーストーン」師団は、ドイツ軍の恐るべき抵抗に事実上ひどく手こずり、第91「ワイルド・ウェスト」師団は、8キロ（5マイル）進入していたエピノンヴィユ村を明け渡さざるを得なくなった。経験の浅い第37「バッキー」師団は、モンフォコン・ダルゴンヌを攻略しそこなった。翌日の9月27日、第1方面軍の大部分は何の収得もできなかった。最終的に第79師団がモンフォコンを攻略し、第35「サンタ・フェ」師団が隣接する部隊の前方に陣取ってボルニ村、218番ヒル、シャルペントリを攻略した。

＞On September 29, six extra German divisions were deployed to oppose the American attack, with the 5th Guards and 52nd Division counterattacking the 35th Division, which had run out of food and ammunition during the attack. The Germans initially made significant gains, but were barely repulsed by the 35th Division's 110th Engineers, 128th Machine Gun Battalion, and Harry Truman's Battery D, 129th Field Artillery. In the words of Pershing, "We were no longer engaged in a maneuver for the pinching out of a salient, but were necessarily committed, generally speaking, to a direct frontal attack against strong, hostile positions fully manned by a determined enemy."
⇒9月29日、米国軍の攻撃に対抗するため、ドイツ軍の追加の6個師団が展開された。第5護衛師団と第52師団をもって、攻撃中に食糧と弾薬を使い果たした第35師団を反撃したのである。ドイツ軍は当初、かなりの利得を上げたが、第35師団の第110工兵隊、第128機関銃隊、および、第129野戦砲兵隊のハリー・トルーマンD中隊らによって辛うじて撃退された。パーシングの言葉によればこうである。「我々はもはや苦境に立たされて突出部から機動作戦行動に出ることはなかったが、事柄の必然として、一般的に言えば、決然たる兵員が十全に配置された敵陣に対する直接正面攻撃に関ったのである」。
※この段落の最後は誤訳かも知れませんが、どうぞ悪しからず。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。