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質問

The German division moved somewhat back to its original position on the morning of 7 August, but the movement still required changes to the Allied plan. The battle began in dense fog at 4:20 am on 8 August 1918. Under Rawlinson's Fourth Army, the British III Corps attacked north of the Somme, the Australian Corps to the south of the river in the centre of Fourth Army's front, and the Canadian Corps to the south of the Australians. The French 1st Army under General Debeney opened its preliminary bombardment at the same time, and began its advance 45 minutes later, supported by a battalion of 72 Whippet tanks. Although German forces were on the alert, this was largely in anticipation of possible retaliation for their incursion on the sixth and not because they had learned of the preplanned Allied attack. Although the two forces were within 460 metres (500 yd) of one another, gas bombardment was very low, as the bulk of the Allied presence was unknown to the Germans. The attack was so unexpected that German forces only began to return fire after five minutes, and even then at the positions where the Allied forces had assembled at the start of the battle and had long since left.
In the first phase, seven divisions attacked: the British 18th (Eastern) and 58th (2/1st London), the Australian 2nd and 3rd, and the Canadian 1st, 2nd and 3rd Divisions. Parts of the American 33rd Division supported the British attackers north of the Somme.
The attackers captured the first German position, advancing about 3.7 km (4,000 yd; 2.3 mi) by about 7:30 am. In the centre, supporting units following the leading divisions attacked the second objective a further 3.2 km (2.0 mi) distant. Australian units reached their first objectives by 7:10 am, and by 8:20 am, the Australian 4th and 5th Divisions and the Canadian 4th Division passed through the initial breach in the German lines. The third phase of the attack was assigned to infantry-carrying Mark V* tanks. However, the infantry was able to carry out this final step unaided. The Allies penetrated well to the rear of the German defences and cavalry now continued the advance, one brigade in the Australian sector and two cavalry divisions in the Canadian sector. RAF and armoured car fire kept the retreating Germans from rallying.
The Canadian and Australian forces in the centre advanced quickly, pushing the line 4.8 km (3.0 mi) forward from its starting point by 11:00 am.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The German division moved somewhat back to its original position on the morning of 7 August, but the movement still required changes to the Allied plan. The battle began in dense fog at 4:20 am on 8 August 1918. Under Rawlinson's Fourth Army, the British III Corps attacked north of the Somme, the Australian Corps to the south of the river in the centre of Fourth Army's front, and the Canadian Corps to the south of the Australians. The French 1st Army under General Debeney opened its preliminary bombardment at the same time, and began its advance 45 minutes later, supported by a battalion of 72 Whippet tanks.
⇒8月7日朝、ドイツ軍師団は幾分か元の陣地方面に戻ったが、その動きは依然として連合国軍の計画の変更を迫った。戦闘は、1918年8月8日午前4時20分、濃霧の中で始まった。ローリンソンの第4方面軍の下で、英国軍第III軍団はソンムの北を、オーストラリア軍団は第4方面軍前線の中央隊（管轄内）の川の南に、そして、カナダ軍団はオーストラリア軍団の南をそれぞれ攻撃した。ドブニー将軍の下にあるフランス第1方面軍が同時に砲撃を開始し、45分後に72台のホイッペット戦車大隊の支援を得て進軍し始めた。

＞Although German forces were on the alert, this was largely in anticipation of possible retaliation for their incursion on the sixth and not because they had learned of the preplanned Allied attack. Although the two forces were within 460 metres (500 yd) of one another, gas bombardment was very low, as the bulk of the Allied presence was unknown to the Germans. The attack was so unexpected that German forces only began to return fire after five minutes, and even then at the positions where the Allied forces had assembled at the start of the battle and had long since left.
⇒ドイツ軍団は警戒していたが、それは計画された連合国軍の攻撃を知っていたからではなく、6回目の侵攻に対する報復の可能性を大いに予期していたためであった。2個の軍団が、互いに460メートル（500ヤード）以内にあったが、連合国軍の存在の本体はドイツ軍には分かっていなかったため、ガス砲撃は非常に低次元であった。ドイツ軍団は、この攻撃をほとんど予期していなかったので、ようやく5分後に応報の砲火を始め、その時に至ってもなお陣地に集結していた連合国軍は戦闘の開始態勢のままで、陣地を離れて長い時間が経っていた。

＞In the first phase, seven divisions attacked: the British 18th (Eastern) and 58th (2/1st London), the Australian 2nd and 3rd, and the Canadian 1st, 2nd and 3rd Divisions. Parts of the American 33rd Division supported the British attackers north of the Somme.
⇒第1段階では、7個師団が攻撃を行った。すなわち、英国軍第18（イースタン）師団と第58（第2/1ロンドン）師団、オーストラリア軍第2、第3師団、カナダ軍第1、第2、第3師団であった。米国軍第33師団の一部は、ソンムの北側にある英国軍の攻撃隊を支援した。

＞The attackers captured the first German position, advancing about 3.7 km (4,000 yd; 2.3 mi) by about 7:30 am. In the centre, supporting units following the leading divisions attacked the second objective a further 3.2 km (2.0 mi) distant. Australian units reached their first objectives by 7:10 am, and by 8:20 am, the Australian 4th and 5th Divisions and the Canadian 4th Division passed through the initial breach in the German lines. The third phase of the attack was assigned to infantry-carrying Mark V tanks. However, the infantry was able to carry out this final step unaided. The Allies penetrated well to the rear of the German defences and cavalry now continued the advance, one brigade in the Australian sector and two cavalry divisions in the Canadian sector. RAF and armoured car fire kept the retreating Germans from rallying.
⇒攻撃隊は最初のドイツ軍陣地を獲得し、7時30分ごろに約3.7キロ（4,000ヤード; 2.3マイル）進んだ。中央部では、先導の師団に続く支援部隊が第2目標をさらに3.2キロ（2マイル）遠くまで攻撃した。オーストラリア軍部隊は、午前7時10分までに第1目標に達し、午前8時20分には、オーストラリア第4、第5師団とカナダ第4師団がドイツ軍戦線の当初の欠陥部を踏破した。攻撃の第3段階では、歩兵を運ぶマークV型戦車に割り当てられた。しかし、歩兵隊はこの最後の段階を援助することはできなかった。連合国軍は、ドイツ軍の防衛隊の後衛部にうまく浸入し、騎兵隊は前進を続け、オーストラリア管轄地区の１個旅団とカナダ軍地区の２個騎兵師団は進軍を継続した。RAF（英国王室空軍）と装甲車の砲火が、後退しつつあるドイツ軍兵士たちが再結集するのを防いだ。
※この段落は誤訳があるかも知れませんが、その節はどうぞ悪しからず。

＞The Canadian and Australian forces in the centre advanced quickly, pushing the line 4.8 km (3.0 mi) forward from its starting point by 11:00 am.
⇒中央部のカナダ軍団とオーストラリア軍団は迅速に進軍して、午前11時までに開始地点から4.8キロ（3マイル）進んだ。

お礼

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